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One of the most methodical treatments of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering--including new applications and ideas
Presented in two parts, this book takes an analytical approach on the subject and emphasizes new ideas and applications used today. Part one covers fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering. It provides ample end-of-chapter problems and offers a 90-page solution manual to help readers check and comprehend their work. The second part of the book explores up-to-date applications of electromagnetic waves--including radiometry, geophysical remote sensing and imaging, and biomedical and signal processing applications.
Written by a world renowned authority in the field of electromagnetic research, this new edition of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering: From Fundamentals to Applications presents detailed applications with useful appendices, including mathematical formulas, Airy function, Abel's equation, Hilbert transform, and Riemann surfaces. The book also features newly revised material that focuses on the following topics:
* Statistical wave theories--which have been extensively applied to topics such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-electromagnetics, bio-optics, and bio-ultrasound imaging
* Integration of several distinct yet related disciplines, such as statistical wave theories, communications, signal processing, and time reversal imaging
* New phenomena of multiple scattering, such as coherent scattering and memory effects
* Multiphysics applications that combine theories for different physical phenomena, such as seismic coda waves, stochastic wave theory, heat diffusion, and temperature rise in biological and other media
* Metamaterials and solitons in optical fibers, nonlinear phenomena, and porous media
Primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. The book is also a useful reference for engineers and scientists working in fields such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-medical engineering in optics and ultrasound, and new materials and integration with signal processing.
Presented in two parts, this book takes an analytical approach on the subject and emphasizes new ideas and applications used today. Part one covers fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering. It provides ample end-of-chapter problems and offers a 90-page solution manual to help readers check and comprehend their work. The second part of the book explores up-to-date applications of electromagnetic waves--including radiometry, geophysical remote sensing and imaging, and biomedical and signal processing applications.
Written by a world renowned authority in the field of electromagnetic research, this new edition of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering: From Fundamentals to Applications presents detailed applications with useful appendices, including mathematical formulas, Airy function, Abel's equation, Hilbert transform, and Riemann surfaces. The book also features newly revised material that focuses on the following topics:
* Statistical wave theories--which have been extensively applied to topics such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-electromagnetics, bio-optics, and bio-ultrasound imaging
* Integration of several distinct yet related disciplines, such as statistical wave theories, communications, signal processing, and time reversal imaging
* New phenomena of multiple scattering, such as coherent scattering and memory effects
* Multiphysics applications that combine theories for different physical phenomena, such as seismic coda waves, stochastic wave theory, heat diffusion, and temperature rise in biological and other media
* Metamaterials and solitons in optical fibers, nonlinear phenomena, and porous media
Primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. The book is also a useful reference for engineers and scientists working in fields such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-medical engineering in optics and ultrasound, and new materials and integration with signal processing.
One of the most methodical treatments of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering--including new applications and ideas
Presented in two parts, this book takes an analytical approach on the subject and emphasizes new ideas and applications used today. Part one covers fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering. It provides ample end-of-chapter problems and offers a 90-page solution manual to help readers check and comprehend their work. The second part of the book explores up-to-date applications of electromagnetic waves--including radiometry, geophysical remote sensing and imaging, and biomedical and signal processing applications.
Written by a world renowned authority in the field of electromagnetic research, this new edition of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering: From Fundamentals to Applications presents detailed applications with useful appendices, including mathematical formulas, Airy function, Abel's equation, Hilbert transform, and Riemann surfaces. The book also features newly revised material that focuses on the following topics:
* Statistical wave theories--which have been extensively applied to topics such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-electromagnetics, bio-optics, and bio-ultrasound imaging
* Integration of several distinct yet related disciplines, such as statistical wave theories, communications, signal processing, and time reversal imaging
* New phenomena of multiple scattering, such as coherent scattering and memory effects
* Multiphysics applications that combine theories for different physical phenomena, such as seismic coda waves, stochastic wave theory, heat diffusion, and temperature rise in biological and other media
* Metamaterials and solitons in optical fibers, nonlinear phenomena, and porous media
Primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. The book is also a useful reference for engineers and scientists working in fields such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-medical engineering in optics and ultrasound, and new materials and integration with signal processing.
Presented in two parts, this book takes an analytical approach on the subject and emphasizes new ideas and applications used today. Part one covers fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering. It provides ample end-of-chapter problems and offers a 90-page solution manual to help readers check and comprehend their work. The second part of the book explores up-to-date applications of electromagnetic waves--including radiometry, geophysical remote sensing and imaging, and biomedical and signal processing applications.
Written by a world renowned authority in the field of electromagnetic research, this new edition of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering: From Fundamentals to Applications presents detailed applications with useful appendices, including mathematical formulas, Airy function, Abel's equation, Hilbert transform, and Riemann surfaces. The book also features newly revised material that focuses on the following topics:
* Statistical wave theories--which have been extensively applied to topics such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-electromagnetics, bio-optics, and bio-ultrasound imaging
* Integration of several distinct yet related disciplines, such as statistical wave theories, communications, signal processing, and time reversal imaging
* New phenomena of multiple scattering, such as coherent scattering and memory effects
* Multiphysics applications that combine theories for different physical phenomena, such as seismic coda waves, stochastic wave theory, heat diffusion, and temperature rise in biological and other media
* Metamaterials and solitons in optical fibers, nonlinear phenomena, and porous media
Primarily a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering is also ideal for graduate students in bioengineering, geophysics, ocean engineering, and geophysical remote sensing. The book is also a useful reference for engineers and scientists working in fields such as geophysical remote sensing, bio-medical engineering in optics and ultrasound, and new materials and integration with signal processing.
Über den Autor
Akira Ishimaru, PhD, has served as a member-at-large of the U.S. National Committee (USNC) and was chairman of Commission B of the USNC/International Union of Radio Science. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Optical Society of America, the Acoustical Society of America and the Institute of Physics, U.K. He is also the recipient of numerous awards in his field. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xix
PREFACE xxi
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xxv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii
PART I FUNDAMENTALS 1
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 FUNDAMENTAL FIELD EQUATIONS 7
2.1 Maxwell's Equations / 7
2.2 Time-Harmonic Case / 10
2.3 Constitutive Relations / 11
2.4 Boundary Conditions / 15
2.5 Energy Relations and Poynting's Theorem / 18
2.6 Vector and Scalar Potentials / 22
2.7 Electric Hertz Vector / 24
2.8 Duality Principle and Symmetry of Maxwell's Equations / 25
2.9 Magnetic Hertz Vector / 26
2.10 Uniqueness Theorem / 27
2.11 Reciprocity Theorem / 28
2.12 Acoustic Waves / 30
Problems / 33
3 WAVES IN INHOMOGENEOUS AND LAYERED MEDIA 35
3.1 Wave Equation for a Time-Harmonic Case / 35
3.2 Time-Harmonic Plane-Wave Propagation in Homogeneous Media / 36
3.3 Polarization / 37
3.4 Plane-Wave Incidence on a Plane Boundary: Perpendicular Polarization (s Polarization) / 39
3.5 Electric Field Parallel to a Plane of Incidence: Parallel Polarization (p Polarization) / 43
3.6 Fresnel Formula, Brewster's Angle, and Total Reflection / 44
3.7 Waves in Layered Media / 47
3.8 Acoustic Reflection and Transmission from a Boundary / 50
3.9 Complex Waves / 51
3.10 Trapped Surface Wave (Slow Wave) and Leaky Wave / 54
3.11 Surface Waves Along a Dielectric Slab / 57
3.12 Zenneck Waves and Plasmons / 63
3.13 Waves in Inhomogeneous Media / 66
3.14 WKB Method / 68
3.15 Bremmer Series / 72
3.16 WKB Solution for the Turning Point / 76
3.17 Trapped Surface-Wave Modes in an Inhomogeneous Slab / 77
3.18 Medium With Prescribed Profile / 80
Problems / 81
4 WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITIES 85
4.1 Uniform Electromagnetic Waveguides / 85
4.2 TM Modes or E Modes / 86
4.3 TE Modes or H Modes / 87
4.4 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues / 89
4.5 General Properties of Eigenfunctions for Closed Regions / 91
4.6 k-ß Diagram and Phase and Group Velocities / 95
4.7 Rectangular Waveguides / 98
4.8 Cylindrical Waveguides / 100
4.9 TEM Modes / 104
4.10 Dispersion of a Pulse in a Waveguide / 106
4.11 Step-Index Optical Fibers / 109
4.12 Dispersion of Graded-Index Fibers / 116
4.13 Radial and Azimuthal Waveguides / 117
4.14 Cavity Resonators / 120
4.15 Waves in Spherical Structures / 123
4.16 Spherical Waveguides and Cavities / 128
Problems / 133
5 GREEN'S FUNCTIONS 137
5.1 Electric and Magnetic Dipoles in Homogeneous Media / 137
5.2 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by an Electric Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 139
5.3 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by a Magnetic Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 144
5.4 Scalar Green's Function for Closed Regions and Expansion of Green's Function in a Series of Eigenfunctions / 145
5.5 Green's Function in Terms of Solutions of the Homogeneous Equation / 150
5.6 Fourier Transform Method / 155
5.7 Excitation of a Rectangular Waveguide / 157
5.8 Excitation of a Conducting Cylinder / 159
5.9 Excitation of a Conducting Sphere / 163
Problems / 166
6 RADIATION FROM APERTURES AND BEAM WAVES 169
6.1 Huygens' Principle and Extinction Theorem / 169
6.2 Fields Due to the Surface Field Distribution / 173
6.3 Kirchhoff Approximation / 176
6.4 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction / 178
6.5 Fourier Transform (Spectral) Representation / 182
6.6 Beam Waves / 183
6.7 Goos-Hanchen Effect / 187
6.8 Higher-Order Beam-Wave Modes / 191
6.9 Vector Green's Theorem, Stratton-Chu Formula, and Franz Formula / 194
6.10 Equivalence Theorem / 197
6.11 Kirchhoff Approximation for Electromagnetic Waves / 198
Problems / 199
7 PERIODIC STRUCTURES AND COUPLED-MODE THEORY 201
7.1 Floquet's Theorem / 202
7.2 Guided Waves Along Periodic Structures / 203
7.3 Periodic Layers / 209
7.4 Plane Wave Incidence on a Periodic Structure / 213
7.5 Scattering from Periodic Surfaces Based on the Rayleigh Hypothesis / 219
7.6 Coupled-Mode Theory / 224
Problems / 229
8 DISPERSION AND ANISOTROPIC MEDIA 233
8.1 Dielectric Material and Polarizability / 233
8.2 Dispersion of Dielectric Material / 235
8.3 Dispersion of Conductor and Isotropic Plasma / 237
8.4 Debye Relaxation Equation and Dielectric Constant of Water / 240
8.5 Interfacial Polarization / 240
8.6 Mixing Formula / 241
8.7 Dielectric Constant and Permeability for Anisotropic Media / 244
8.8 Magnetoionic Theory for Anisotropic Plasma / 244
8.9 Plane-Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media / 247
8.10 Plane-Wave Propagation in Magnetoplasma / 248
8.11 Propagation Along the DC Magnetic Field / 249
8.12 Faraday Rotation / 253
8.13 Propagation Perpendicular to the DC Magnetic Field / 255
8.14 The Height of the Ionosphere / 256
8.15 Group Velocity in Anisotropic Medium / 257
8.16 Warm Plasma / 259
8.17 Wave Equations for Warm Plasma / 261
8.18 Ferrite and the Derivation of Its Permeability Tensor / 263
8.19 Plane-Wave Propagation in Ferrite / 266
8.20 Microwave Devices Using Ferrites / 267
8.21 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem for Anisotropic Media / 270
8.22 Bi-Anisotropic Media and Chiral Media / 272
8.23 Superconductors, London Equation, and the Meissner Effects / 276
8.24 Two-Fluid Model of Superconductors at High Frequencies / 278
Problems / 280
9 ANTENNAS, APERTURES, AND ARRAYS 285
9.1 Antenna Fundamentals / 285
9.2 Radiation Fields of Given Electric and Magnetic Current Distributions / 289
9.3 Radiation Fields of Dipoles, Slots, and Loops / 292
9.4 Antenna Arrays with Equal and Unequal Spacings / 296
9.5 Radiation Fields from a Given Aperture Field Distribution / 301
9.6 Radiation from Microstrip Antennas / 305
9.7 Self- and Mutual Impedances of Wire Antennas with Given Current Distributions / 308
9.8 Current Distribution of a Wire Antenna / 313
Problems / 314
10 SCATTERING OF WAVES BY CONDUCTING AND DIELECTRIC OBJECTS 317
10.1 Cross Sections and Scattering Amplitude / 318
10.2 Radar Equations / 321
10.3 General Properties of Cross Sections / 322
10.4 Integral Representations of Scattering Amplitude and Absorption Cross Sections / 325
10.5 Rayleigh Scattering for a Spherical Object / 328
10.6 Rayleigh Scattering for a Small Ellipsoidal Object / 330
10.7 Rayleigh-Debye Scattering (Born Approximation) / 334
10.8 Elliptic Polarization and Stokes Parameters / 338
10.9 Partial Polarization and Natural Light / 341
10.10 Scattering Amplitude Functions f11, f12, f21, and f22 and the Stokes Matrix / 342
10.11 Acoustic Scattering / 344
10.12 Scattering Cross Section of a Conducting Body / 346
10.13 Physical Optics Approximation / 347
10.14 Moment Method: Computer Applications / 350
Problems / 354
11 WAVES IN CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES, SPHERES, AND WEDGES 357
11.1 Plane Wave Incident on a Conducting Cylinder / 357
11.2 Plane Wave Incident on a Dielectric Cylinder / 361
11.3 Axial Dipole Near a Conducting Cylinder / 364
11.4 Radiation Field / 366
11.5 Saddle-Point Technique / 368
11.6 Radiation from a Dipole and Parseval's Theorem / 371
11.7 Large Cylinders and the Watson Transform / 373
11.8 Residue Series Representation and Creeping Waves / 376
11.9 Poisson's Sum Formula, Geometric Optical Region, and Fock Representation / 379
11.10 Mie Scattering by a Dielectric Sphere / 382
11.11 Axial Dipole in the Vicinity of a Conducting Wedge / 390
11.12 Line Source and Plane Wave Incident on a Wedge / 392
11.13 Half-Plane Excited by a Plane Wave / 394
Problems / 395
12 SCATTERING BY COMPLEX OBJECTS 401
12.1 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for Soft and Hard Surfaces / 402
12.2 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for a Penetrable Homogeneous Body / 404
12.3 EFIE and MFIE / 406
12.4 T-Matrix Method (Extended Boundary Condition Method) / 408
12.5 Symmetry and Unitarity of the T-Matrix and the Scattering Matrix / 414
12.6 T-Matrix Solution for Scattering from Periodic Sinusoidal Surfaces / 416
12.7 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TM Case / 418
12.8 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TE Case / 423
12.9 Three-Dimensional Dielectric Bodies / 426
12.10 Electromagnetic Aperture Integral Equations for a Conducting Screen / 427
12.11 Small Apertures / 430
12.12 Babinet's Principle and Slot and Wire Antennas / 433
12.13 Electromagnetic Diffraction by Slits and Ribbons / 439
12.14 Related Problems / 441
Problems / 441
13 GEOMETRIC THEORY OF DIFFRACTION AND LOW FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES 443
13.1 Geometric Theory of Diffraction / 444
13.2 Diffraction by a Slit for Dirichlet's Problem / 447
13.3 Diffraction by a Slit for Neumann's Problem and Slope Diffraction / 452
13.4 Uniform Geometric Theory of Diffraction for an Edge / 455
13.5 Edge Diffraction for a Point Source / 457
13.6 Wedge Diffraction for a Point Source / 461
13.7 Slope Diffraction and Grazing Incidence / 463
13.8 Curved Wedge / 463
13.9 Other High-Frequency Techniques / 465
13.10 Vertex and Surface Diffraction / 466
13.11 Low-Frequency Scattering / 467
Problems / 470
14 PLANAR LAYERS, STRIP LINES, PATCHES, AND APERTURES 473
14.1 Excitation of Waves in a Dielectric Slab / 473
14.2 Excitation of Waves in a Vertically Inhomogeneous Medium / 481
14.3 Strip Lines / 485
14.4 Waves Excited by Electric and Magnetic Currents Perpendicular to Dielectric Layers / 492
14.5 Waves Excited by Transverse Electric and Magnetic Currents in Dielectric Layers / 496
14.6 Strip Lines Embedded in Dielectric Layers / 500
14.7 Periodic Patches and Apertures Embedded in Dielectric Layers / 502
Problems / 506
15 RADIATION FROM A DIPOLE ON THE CONDUCTING EARTH 509
15.1 Sommerfeld Dipole Problem / 509
15.2 Vertical Electric Dipole Located Above the Earth / 510
15.3 Reflected Waves in Air / 514
15.4 Radiation Field: Saddle-Point Technique / 517
15.5 Field Along the Surface and the Singularities of the Integrand / 519
15.6 Sommerfeld Pole and Zenneck Wave / 521
15.7 Solution to the Sommerfeld Problem / 524
15.8 Lateral Waves: Branch Cut Integration / 528
15.9 Refracted Wave / 536
15.10 Radiation from a Horizontal Dipole / 538
15.11 Radiation in Layered Media / 541
15.12 Geometric Optical Representation / 545
15.13...
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xix
PREFACE xxi
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xxv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii
PART I FUNDAMENTALS 1
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 FUNDAMENTAL FIELD EQUATIONS 7
2.1 Maxwell's Equations / 7
2.2 Time-Harmonic Case / 10
2.3 Constitutive Relations / 11
2.4 Boundary Conditions / 15
2.5 Energy Relations and Poynting's Theorem / 18
2.6 Vector and Scalar Potentials / 22
2.7 Electric Hertz Vector / 24
2.8 Duality Principle and Symmetry of Maxwell's Equations / 25
2.9 Magnetic Hertz Vector / 26
2.10 Uniqueness Theorem / 27
2.11 Reciprocity Theorem / 28
2.12 Acoustic Waves / 30
Problems / 33
3 WAVES IN INHOMOGENEOUS AND LAYERED MEDIA 35
3.1 Wave Equation for a Time-Harmonic Case / 35
3.2 Time-Harmonic Plane-Wave Propagation in Homogeneous Media / 36
3.3 Polarization / 37
3.4 Plane-Wave Incidence on a Plane Boundary: Perpendicular Polarization (s Polarization) / 39
3.5 Electric Field Parallel to a Plane of Incidence: Parallel Polarization (p Polarization) / 43
3.6 Fresnel Formula, Brewster's Angle, and Total Reflection / 44
3.7 Waves in Layered Media / 47
3.8 Acoustic Reflection and Transmission from a Boundary / 50
3.9 Complex Waves / 51
3.10 Trapped Surface Wave (Slow Wave) and Leaky Wave / 54
3.11 Surface Waves Along a Dielectric Slab / 57
3.12 Zenneck Waves and Plasmons / 63
3.13 Waves in Inhomogeneous Media / 66
3.14 WKB Method / 68
3.15 Bremmer Series / 72
3.16 WKB Solution for the Turning Point / 76
3.17 Trapped Surface-Wave Modes in an Inhomogeneous Slab / 77
3.18 Medium With Prescribed Profile / 80
Problems / 81
4 WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITIES 85
4.1 Uniform Electromagnetic Waveguides / 85
4.2 TM Modes or E Modes / 86
4.3 TE Modes or H Modes / 87
4.4 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues / 89
4.5 General Properties of Eigenfunctions for Closed Regions / 91
4.6 k-ß Diagram and Phase and Group Velocities / 95
4.7 Rectangular Waveguides / 98
4.8 Cylindrical Waveguides / 100
4.9 TEM Modes / 104
4.10 Dispersion of a Pulse in a Waveguide / 106
4.11 Step-Index Optical Fibers / 109
4.12 Dispersion of Graded-Index Fibers / 116
4.13 Radial and Azimuthal Waveguides / 117
4.14 Cavity Resonators / 120
4.15 Waves in Spherical Structures / 123
4.16 Spherical Waveguides and Cavities / 128
Problems / 133
5 GREEN'S FUNCTIONS 137
5.1 Electric and Magnetic Dipoles in Homogeneous Media / 137
5.2 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by an Electric Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 139
5.3 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by a Magnetic Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 144
5.4 Scalar Green's Function for Closed Regions and Expansion of Green's Function in a Series of Eigenfunctions / 145
5.5 Green's Function in Terms of Solutions of the Homogeneous Equation / 150
5.6 Fourier Transform Method / 155
5.7 Excitation of a Rectangular Waveguide / 157
5.8 Excitation of a Conducting Cylinder / 159
5.9 Excitation of a Conducting Sphere / 163
Problems / 166
6 RADIATION FROM APERTURES AND BEAM WAVES 169
6.1 Huygens' Principle and Extinction Theorem / 169
6.2 Fields Due to the Surface Field Distribution / 173
6.3 Kirchhoff Approximation / 176
6.4 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction / 178
6.5 Fourier Transform (Spectral) Representation / 182
6.6 Beam Waves / 183
6.7 Goos-Hanchen Effect / 187
6.8 Higher-Order Beam-Wave Modes / 191
6.9 Vector Green's Theorem, Stratton-Chu Formula, and Franz Formula / 194
6.10 Equivalence Theorem / 197
6.11 Kirchhoff Approximation for Electromagnetic Waves / 198
Problems / 199
7 PERIODIC STRUCTURES AND COUPLED-MODE THEORY 201
7.1 Floquet's Theorem / 202
7.2 Guided Waves Along Periodic Structures / 203
7.3 Periodic Layers / 209
7.4 Plane Wave Incidence on a Periodic Structure / 213
7.5 Scattering from Periodic Surfaces Based on the Rayleigh Hypothesis / 219
7.6 Coupled-Mode Theory / 224
Problems / 229
8 DISPERSION AND ANISOTROPIC MEDIA 233
8.1 Dielectric Material and Polarizability / 233
8.2 Dispersion of Dielectric Material / 235
8.3 Dispersion of Conductor and Isotropic Plasma / 237
8.4 Debye Relaxation Equation and Dielectric Constant of Water / 240
8.5 Interfacial Polarization / 240
8.6 Mixing Formula / 241
8.7 Dielectric Constant and Permeability for Anisotropic Media / 244
8.8 Magnetoionic Theory for Anisotropic Plasma / 244
8.9 Plane-Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media / 247
8.10 Plane-Wave Propagation in Magnetoplasma / 248
8.11 Propagation Along the DC Magnetic Field / 249
8.12 Faraday Rotation / 253
8.13 Propagation Perpendicular to the DC Magnetic Field / 255
8.14 The Height of the Ionosphere / 256
8.15 Group Velocity in Anisotropic Medium / 257
8.16 Warm Plasma / 259
8.17 Wave Equations for Warm Plasma / 261
8.18 Ferrite and the Derivation of Its Permeability Tensor / 263
8.19 Plane-Wave Propagation in Ferrite / 266
8.20 Microwave Devices Using Ferrites / 267
8.21 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem for Anisotropic Media / 270
8.22 Bi-Anisotropic Media and Chiral Media / 272
8.23 Superconductors, London Equation, and the Meissner Effects / 276
8.24 Two-Fluid Model of Superconductors at High Frequencies / 278
Problems / 280
9 ANTENNAS, APERTURES, AND ARRAYS 285
9.1 Antenna Fundamentals / 285
9.2 Radiation Fields of Given Electric and Magnetic Current Distributions / 289
9.3 Radiation Fields of Dipoles, Slots, and Loops / 292
9.4 Antenna Arrays with Equal and Unequal Spacings / 296
9.5 Radiation Fields from a Given Aperture Field Distribution / 301
9.6 Radiation from Microstrip Antennas / 305
9.7 Self- and Mutual Impedances of Wire Antennas with Given Current Distributions / 308
9.8 Current Distribution of a Wire Antenna / 313
Problems / 314
10 SCATTERING OF WAVES BY CONDUCTING AND DIELECTRIC OBJECTS 317
10.1 Cross Sections and Scattering Amplitude / 318
10.2 Radar Equations / 321
10.3 General Properties of Cross Sections / 322
10.4 Integral Representations of Scattering Amplitude and Absorption Cross Sections / 325
10.5 Rayleigh Scattering for a Spherical Object / 328
10.6 Rayleigh Scattering for a Small Ellipsoidal Object / 330
10.7 Rayleigh-Debye Scattering (Born Approximation) / 334
10.8 Elliptic Polarization and Stokes Parameters / 338
10.9 Partial Polarization and Natural Light / 341
10.10 Scattering Amplitude Functions f11, f12, f21, and f22 and the Stokes Matrix / 342
10.11 Acoustic Scattering / 344
10.12 Scattering Cross Section of a Conducting Body / 346
10.13 Physical Optics Approximation / 347
10.14 Moment Method: Computer Applications / 350
Problems / 354
11 WAVES IN CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES, SPHERES, AND WEDGES 357
11.1 Plane Wave Incident on a Conducting Cylinder / 357
11.2 Plane Wave Incident on a Dielectric Cylinder / 361
11.3 Axial Dipole Near a Conducting Cylinder / 364
11.4 Radiation Field / 366
11.5 Saddle-Point Technique / 368
11.6 Radiation from a Dipole and Parseval's Theorem / 371
11.7 Large Cylinders and the Watson Transform / 373
11.8 Residue Series Representation and Creeping Waves / 376
11.9 Poisson's Sum Formula, Geometric Optical Region, and Fock Representation / 379
11.10 Mie Scattering by a Dielectric Sphere / 382
11.11 Axial Dipole in the Vicinity of a Conducting Wedge / 390
11.12 Line Source and Plane Wave Incident on a Wedge / 392
11.13 Half-Plane Excited by a Plane Wave / 394
Problems / 395
12 SCATTERING BY COMPLEX OBJECTS 401
12.1 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for Soft and Hard Surfaces / 402
12.2 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for a Penetrable Homogeneous Body / 404
12.3 EFIE and MFIE / 406
12.4 T-Matrix Method (Extended Boundary Condition Method) / 408
12.5 Symmetry and Unitarity of the T-Matrix and the Scattering Matrix / 414
12.6 T-Matrix Solution for Scattering from Periodic Sinusoidal Surfaces / 416
12.7 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TM Case / 418
12.8 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TE Case / 423
12.9 Three-Dimensional Dielectric Bodies / 426
12.10 Electromagnetic Aperture Integral Equations for a Conducting Screen / 427
12.11 Small Apertures / 430
12.12 Babinet's Principle and Slot and Wire Antennas / 433
12.13 Electromagnetic Diffraction by Slits and Ribbons / 439
12.14 Related Problems / 441
Problems / 441
13 GEOMETRIC THEORY OF DIFFRACTION AND LOW FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES 443
13.1 Geometric Theory of Diffraction / 444
13.2 Diffraction by a Slit for Dirichlet's Problem / 447
13.3 Diffraction by a Slit for Neumann's Problem and Slope Diffraction / 452
13.4 Uniform Geometric Theory of Diffraction for an Edge / 455
13.5 Edge Diffraction for a Point Source / 457
13.6 Wedge Diffraction for a Point Source / 461
13.7 Slope Diffraction and Grazing Incidence / 463
13.8 Curved Wedge / 463
13.9 Other High-Frequency Techniques / 465
13.10 Vertex and Surface Diffraction / 466
13.11 Low-Frequency Scattering / 467
Problems / 470
14 PLANAR LAYERS, STRIP LINES, PATCHES, AND APERTURES 473
14.1 Excitation of Waves in a Dielectric Slab / 473
14.2 Excitation of Waves in a Vertically Inhomogeneous Medium / 481
14.3 Strip Lines / 485
14.4 Waves Excited by Electric and Magnetic Currents Perpendicular to Dielectric Layers / 492
14.5 Waves Excited by Transverse Electric and Magnetic Currents in Dielectric Layers / 496
14.6 Strip Lines Embedded in Dielectric Layers / 500
14.7 Periodic Patches and Apertures Embedded in Dielectric Layers / 502
Problems / 506
15 RADIATION FROM A DIPOLE ON THE CONDUCTING EARTH 509
15.1 Sommerfeld Dipole Problem / 509
15.2 Vertical Electric Dipole Located Above the Earth / 510
15.3 Reflected Waves in Air / 514
15.4 Radiation Field: Saddle-Point Technique / 517
15.5 Field Along the Surface and the Singularities of the Integrand / 519
15.6 Sommerfeld Pole and Zenneck Wave / 521
15.7 Solution to the Sommerfeld Problem / 524
15.8 Lateral Waves: Branch Cut Integration / 528
15.9 Refracted Wave / 536
15.10 Radiation from a Horizontal Dipole / 538
15.11 Radiation in Layered Media / 541
15.12 Geometric Optical Representation / 545
15.13...
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2017 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Nachrichtentechnik |
| Genre: | Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Seiten: | 976 |
| Inhalt: | 976 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781118098813 |
| ISBN-10: | 1118098811 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Ishimaru, Akira |
| Auflage: | 2nd Revised edition |
| Hersteller: |
Wiley
John Wiley & Sons |
| Maße: | 240 x 161 x 56 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Akira Ishimaru |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 05.09.2017 |
| Gewicht: | 1,601 kg |
Über den Autor
Akira Ishimaru, PhD, has served as a member-at-large of the U.S. National Committee (USNC) and was chairman of Commission B of the USNC/International Union of Radio Science. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Optical Society of America, the Acoustical Society of America and the Institute of Physics, U.K. He is also the recipient of numerous awards in his field. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xix
PREFACE xxi
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xxv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii
PART I FUNDAMENTALS 1
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 FUNDAMENTAL FIELD EQUATIONS 7
2.1 Maxwell's Equations / 7
2.2 Time-Harmonic Case / 10
2.3 Constitutive Relations / 11
2.4 Boundary Conditions / 15
2.5 Energy Relations and Poynting's Theorem / 18
2.6 Vector and Scalar Potentials / 22
2.7 Electric Hertz Vector / 24
2.8 Duality Principle and Symmetry of Maxwell's Equations / 25
2.9 Magnetic Hertz Vector / 26
2.10 Uniqueness Theorem / 27
2.11 Reciprocity Theorem / 28
2.12 Acoustic Waves / 30
Problems / 33
3 WAVES IN INHOMOGENEOUS AND LAYERED MEDIA 35
3.1 Wave Equation for a Time-Harmonic Case / 35
3.2 Time-Harmonic Plane-Wave Propagation in Homogeneous Media / 36
3.3 Polarization / 37
3.4 Plane-Wave Incidence on a Plane Boundary: Perpendicular Polarization (s Polarization) / 39
3.5 Electric Field Parallel to a Plane of Incidence: Parallel Polarization (p Polarization) / 43
3.6 Fresnel Formula, Brewster's Angle, and Total Reflection / 44
3.7 Waves in Layered Media / 47
3.8 Acoustic Reflection and Transmission from a Boundary / 50
3.9 Complex Waves / 51
3.10 Trapped Surface Wave (Slow Wave) and Leaky Wave / 54
3.11 Surface Waves Along a Dielectric Slab / 57
3.12 Zenneck Waves and Plasmons / 63
3.13 Waves in Inhomogeneous Media / 66
3.14 WKB Method / 68
3.15 Bremmer Series / 72
3.16 WKB Solution for the Turning Point / 76
3.17 Trapped Surface-Wave Modes in an Inhomogeneous Slab / 77
3.18 Medium With Prescribed Profile / 80
Problems / 81
4 WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITIES 85
4.1 Uniform Electromagnetic Waveguides / 85
4.2 TM Modes or E Modes / 86
4.3 TE Modes or H Modes / 87
4.4 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues / 89
4.5 General Properties of Eigenfunctions for Closed Regions / 91
4.6 k-ß Diagram and Phase and Group Velocities / 95
4.7 Rectangular Waveguides / 98
4.8 Cylindrical Waveguides / 100
4.9 TEM Modes / 104
4.10 Dispersion of a Pulse in a Waveguide / 106
4.11 Step-Index Optical Fibers / 109
4.12 Dispersion of Graded-Index Fibers / 116
4.13 Radial and Azimuthal Waveguides / 117
4.14 Cavity Resonators / 120
4.15 Waves in Spherical Structures / 123
4.16 Spherical Waveguides and Cavities / 128
Problems / 133
5 GREEN'S FUNCTIONS 137
5.1 Electric and Magnetic Dipoles in Homogeneous Media / 137
5.2 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by an Electric Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 139
5.3 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by a Magnetic Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 144
5.4 Scalar Green's Function for Closed Regions and Expansion of Green's Function in a Series of Eigenfunctions / 145
5.5 Green's Function in Terms of Solutions of the Homogeneous Equation / 150
5.6 Fourier Transform Method / 155
5.7 Excitation of a Rectangular Waveguide / 157
5.8 Excitation of a Conducting Cylinder / 159
5.9 Excitation of a Conducting Sphere / 163
Problems / 166
6 RADIATION FROM APERTURES AND BEAM WAVES 169
6.1 Huygens' Principle and Extinction Theorem / 169
6.2 Fields Due to the Surface Field Distribution / 173
6.3 Kirchhoff Approximation / 176
6.4 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction / 178
6.5 Fourier Transform (Spectral) Representation / 182
6.6 Beam Waves / 183
6.7 Goos-Hanchen Effect / 187
6.8 Higher-Order Beam-Wave Modes / 191
6.9 Vector Green's Theorem, Stratton-Chu Formula, and Franz Formula / 194
6.10 Equivalence Theorem / 197
6.11 Kirchhoff Approximation for Electromagnetic Waves / 198
Problems / 199
7 PERIODIC STRUCTURES AND COUPLED-MODE THEORY 201
7.1 Floquet's Theorem / 202
7.2 Guided Waves Along Periodic Structures / 203
7.3 Periodic Layers / 209
7.4 Plane Wave Incidence on a Periodic Structure / 213
7.5 Scattering from Periodic Surfaces Based on the Rayleigh Hypothesis / 219
7.6 Coupled-Mode Theory / 224
Problems / 229
8 DISPERSION AND ANISOTROPIC MEDIA 233
8.1 Dielectric Material and Polarizability / 233
8.2 Dispersion of Dielectric Material / 235
8.3 Dispersion of Conductor and Isotropic Plasma / 237
8.4 Debye Relaxation Equation and Dielectric Constant of Water / 240
8.5 Interfacial Polarization / 240
8.6 Mixing Formula / 241
8.7 Dielectric Constant and Permeability for Anisotropic Media / 244
8.8 Magnetoionic Theory for Anisotropic Plasma / 244
8.9 Plane-Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media / 247
8.10 Plane-Wave Propagation in Magnetoplasma / 248
8.11 Propagation Along the DC Magnetic Field / 249
8.12 Faraday Rotation / 253
8.13 Propagation Perpendicular to the DC Magnetic Field / 255
8.14 The Height of the Ionosphere / 256
8.15 Group Velocity in Anisotropic Medium / 257
8.16 Warm Plasma / 259
8.17 Wave Equations for Warm Plasma / 261
8.18 Ferrite and the Derivation of Its Permeability Tensor / 263
8.19 Plane-Wave Propagation in Ferrite / 266
8.20 Microwave Devices Using Ferrites / 267
8.21 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem for Anisotropic Media / 270
8.22 Bi-Anisotropic Media and Chiral Media / 272
8.23 Superconductors, London Equation, and the Meissner Effects / 276
8.24 Two-Fluid Model of Superconductors at High Frequencies / 278
Problems / 280
9 ANTENNAS, APERTURES, AND ARRAYS 285
9.1 Antenna Fundamentals / 285
9.2 Radiation Fields of Given Electric and Magnetic Current Distributions / 289
9.3 Radiation Fields of Dipoles, Slots, and Loops / 292
9.4 Antenna Arrays with Equal and Unequal Spacings / 296
9.5 Radiation Fields from a Given Aperture Field Distribution / 301
9.6 Radiation from Microstrip Antennas / 305
9.7 Self- and Mutual Impedances of Wire Antennas with Given Current Distributions / 308
9.8 Current Distribution of a Wire Antenna / 313
Problems / 314
10 SCATTERING OF WAVES BY CONDUCTING AND DIELECTRIC OBJECTS 317
10.1 Cross Sections and Scattering Amplitude / 318
10.2 Radar Equations / 321
10.3 General Properties of Cross Sections / 322
10.4 Integral Representations of Scattering Amplitude and Absorption Cross Sections / 325
10.5 Rayleigh Scattering for a Spherical Object / 328
10.6 Rayleigh Scattering for a Small Ellipsoidal Object / 330
10.7 Rayleigh-Debye Scattering (Born Approximation) / 334
10.8 Elliptic Polarization and Stokes Parameters / 338
10.9 Partial Polarization and Natural Light / 341
10.10 Scattering Amplitude Functions f11, f12, f21, and f22 and the Stokes Matrix / 342
10.11 Acoustic Scattering / 344
10.12 Scattering Cross Section of a Conducting Body / 346
10.13 Physical Optics Approximation / 347
10.14 Moment Method: Computer Applications / 350
Problems / 354
11 WAVES IN CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES, SPHERES, AND WEDGES 357
11.1 Plane Wave Incident on a Conducting Cylinder / 357
11.2 Plane Wave Incident on a Dielectric Cylinder / 361
11.3 Axial Dipole Near a Conducting Cylinder / 364
11.4 Radiation Field / 366
11.5 Saddle-Point Technique / 368
11.6 Radiation from a Dipole and Parseval's Theorem / 371
11.7 Large Cylinders and the Watson Transform / 373
11.8 Residue Series Representation and Creeping Waves / 376
11.9 Poisson's Sum Formula, Geometric Optical Region, and Fock Representation / 379
11.10 Mie Scattering by a Dielectric Sphere / 382
11.11 Axial Dipole in the Vicinity of a Conducting Wedge / 390
11.12 Line Source and Plane Wave Incident on a Wedge / 392
11.13 Half-Plane Excited by a Plane Wave / 394
Problems / 395
12 SCATTERING BY COMPLEX OBJECTS 401
12.1 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for Soft and Hard Surfaces / 402
12.2 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for a Penetrable Homogeneous Body / 404
12.3 EFIE and MFIE / 406
12.4 T-Matrix Method (Extended Boundary Condition Method) / 408
12.5 Symmetry and Unitarity of the T-Matrix and the Scattering Matrix / 414
12.6 T-Matrix Solution for Scattering from Periodic Sinusoidal Surfaces / 416
12.7 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TM Case / 418
12.8 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TE Case / 423
12.9 Three-Dimensional Dielectric Bodies / 426
12.10 Electromagnetic Aperture Integral Equations for a Conducting Screen / 427
12.11 Small Apertures / 430
12.12 Babinet's Principle and Slot and Wire Antennas / 433
12.13 Electromagnetic Diffraction by Slits and Ribbons / 439
12.14 Related Problems / 441
Problems / 441
13 GEOMETRIC THEORY OF DIFFRACTION AND LOW FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES 443
13.1 Geometric Theory of Diffraction / 444
13.2 Diffraction by a Slit for Dirichlet's Problem / 447
13.3 Diffraction by a Slit for Neumann's Problem and Slope Diffraction / 452
13.4 Uniform Geometric Theory of Diffraction for an Edge / 455
13.5 Edge Diffraction for a Point Source / 457
13.6 Wedge Diffraction for a Point Source / 461
13.7 Slope Diffraction and Grazing Incidence / 463
13.8 Curved Wedge / 463
13.9 Other High-Frequency Techniques / 465
13.10 Vertex and Surface Diffraction / 466
13.11 Low-Frequency Scattering / 467
Problems / 470
14 PLANAR LAYERS, STRIP LINES, PATCHES, AND APERTURES 473
14.1 Excitation of Waves in a Dielectric Slab / 473
14.2 Excitation of Waves in a Vertically Inhomogeneous Medium / 481
14.3 Strip Lines / 485
14.4 Waves Excited by Electric and Magnetic Currents Perpendicular to Dielectric Layers / 492
14.5 Waves Excited by Transverse Electric and Magnetic Currents in Dielectric Layers / 496
14.6 Strip Lines Embedded in Dielectric Layers / 500
14.7 Periodic Patches and Apertures Embedded in Dielectric Layers / 502
Problems / 506
15 RADIATION FROM A DIPOLE ON THE CONDUCTING EARTH 509
15.1 Sommerfeld Dipole Problem / 509
15.2 Vertical Electric Dipole Located Above the Earth / 510
15.3 Reflected Waves in Air / 514
15.4 Radiation Field: Saddle-Point Technique / 517
15.5 Field Along the Surface and the Singularities of the Integrand / 519
15.6 Sommerfeld Pole and Zenneck Wave / 521
15.7 Solution to the Sommerfeld Problem / 524
15.8 Lateral Waves: Branch Cut Integration / 528
15.9 Refracted Wave / 536
15.10 Radiation from a Horizontal Dipole / 538
15.11 Radiation in Layered Media / 541
15.12 Geometric Optical Representation / 545
15.13...
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xix
PREFACE xxi
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xxv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii
PART I FUNDAMENTALS 1
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 FUNDAMENTAL FIELD EQUATIONS 7
2.1 Maxwell's Equations / 7
2.2 Time-Harmonic Case / 10
2.3 Constitutive Relations / 11
2.4 Boundary Conditions / 15
2.5 Energy Relations and Poynting's Theorem / 18
2.6 Vector and Scalar Potentials / 22
2.7 Electric Hertz Vector / 24
2.8 Duality Principle and Symmetry of Maxwell's Equations / 25
2.9 Magnetic Hertz Vector / 26
2.10 Uniqueness Theorem / 27
2.11 Reciprocity Theorem / 28
2.12 Acoustic Waves / 30
Problems / 33
3 WAVES IN INHOMOGENEOUS AND LAYERED MEDIA 35
3.1 Wave Equation for a Time-Harmonic Case / 35
3.2 Time-Harmonic Plane-Wave Propagation in Homogeneous Media / 36
3.3 Polarization / 37
3.4 Plane-Wave Incidence on a Plane Boundary: Perpendicular Polarization (s Polarization) / 39
3.5 Electric Field Parallel to a Plane of Incidence: Parallel Polarization (p Polarization) / 43
3.6 Fresnel Formula, Brewster's Angle, and Total Reflection / 44
3.7 Waves in Layered Media / 47
3.8 Acoustic Reflection and Transmission from a Boundary / 50
3.9 Complex Waves / 51
3.10 Trapped Surface Wave (Slow Wave) and Leaky Wave / 54
3.11 Surface Waves Along a Dielectric Slab / 57
3.12 Zenneck Waves and Plasmons / 63
3.13 Waves in Inhomogeneous Media / 66
3.14 WKB Method / 68
3.15 Bremmer Series / 72
3.16 WKB Solution for the Turning Point / 76
3.17 Trapped Surface-Wave Modes in an Inhomogeneous Slab / 77
3.18 Medium With Prescribed Profile / 80
Problems / 81
4 WAVEGUIDES AND CAVITIES 85
4.1 Uniform Electromagnetic Waveguides / 85
4.2 TM Modes or E Modes / 86
4.3 TE Modes or H Modes / 87
4.4 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues / 89
4.5 General Properties of Eigenfunctions for Closed Regions / 91
4.6 k-ß Diagram and Phase and Group Velocities / 95
4.7 Rectangular Waveguides / 98
4.8 Cylindrical Waveguides / 100
4.9 TEM Modes / 104
4.10 Dispersion of a Pulse in a Waveguide / 106
4.11 Step-Index Optical Fibers / 109
4.12 Dispersion of Graded-Index Fibers / 116
4.13 Radial and Azimuthal Waveguides / 117
4.14 Cavity Resonators / 120
4.15 Waves in Spherical Structures / 123
4.16 Spherical Waveguides and Cavities / 128
Problems / 133
5 GREEN'S FUNCTIONS 137
5.1 Electric and Magnetic Dipoles in Homogeneous Media / 137
5.2 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by an Electric Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 139
5.3 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by a Magnetic Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 144
5.4 Scalar Green's Function for Closed Regions and Expansion of Green's Function in a Series of Eigenfunctions / 145
5.5 Green's Function in Terms of Solutions of the Homogeneous Equation / 150
5.6 Fourier Transform Method / 155
5.7 Excitation of a Rectangular Waveguide / 157
5.8 Excitation of a Conducting Cylinder / 159
5.9 Excitation of a Conducting Sphere / 163
Problems / 166
6 RADIATION FROM APERTURES AND BEAM WAVES 169
6.1 Huygens' Principle and Extinction Theorem / 169
6.2 Fields Due to the Surface Field Distribution / 173
6.3 Kirchhoff Approximation / 176
6.4 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction / 178
6.5 Fourier Transform (Spectral) Representation / 182
6.6 Beam Waves / 183
6.7 Goos-Hanchen Effect / 187
6.8 Higher-Order Beam-Wave Modes / 191
6.9 Vector Green's Theorem, Stratton-Chu Formula, and Franz Formula / 194
6.10 Equivalence Theorem / 197
6.11 Kirchhoff Approximation for Electromagnetic Waves / 198
Problems / 199
7 PERIODIC STRUCTURES AND COUPLED-MODE THEORY 201
7.1 Floquet's Theorem / 202
7.2 Guided Waves Along Periodic Structures / 203
7.3 Periodic Layers / 209
7.4 Plane Wave Incidence on a Periodic Structure / 213
7.5 Scattering from Periodic Surfaces Based on the Rayleigh Hypothesis / 219
7.6 Coupled-Mode Theory / 224
Problems / 229
8 DISPERSION AND ANISOTROPIC MEDIA 233
8.1 Dielectric Material and Polarizability / 233
8.2 Dispersion of Dielectric Material / 235
8.3 Dispersion of Conductor and Isotropic Plasma / 237
8.4 Debye Relaxation Equation and Dielectric Constant of Water / 240
8.5 Interfacial Polarization / 240
8.6 Mixing Formula / 241
8.7 Dielectric Constant and Permeability for Anisotropic Media / 244
8.8 Magnetoionic Theory for Anisotropic Plasma / 244
8.9 Plane-Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media / 247
8.10 Plane-Wave Propagation in Magnetoplasma / 248
8.11 Propagation Along the DC Magnetic Field / 249
8.12 Faraday Rotation / 253
8.13 Propagation Perpendicular to the DC Magnetic Field / 255
8.14 The Height of the Ionosphere / 256
8.15 Group Velocity in Anisotropic Medium / 257
8.16 Warm Plasma / 259
8.17 Wave Equations for Warm Plasma / 261
8.18 Ferrite and the Derivation of Its Permeability Tensor / 263
8.19 Plane-Wave Propagation in Ferrite / 266
8.20 Microwave Devices Using Ferrites / 267
8.21 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem for Anisotropic Media / 270
8.22 Bi-Anisotropic Media and Chiral Media / 272
8.23 Superconductors, London Equation, and the Meissner Effects / 276
8.24 Two-Fluid Model of Superconductors at High Frequencies / 278
Problems / 280
9 ANTENNAS, APERTURES, AND ARRAYS 285
9.1 Antenna Fundamentals / 285
9.2 Radiation Fields of Given Electric and Magnetic Current Distributions / 289
9.3 Radiation Fields of Dipoles, Slots, and Loops / 292
9.4 Antenna Arrays with Equal and Unequal Spacings / 296
9.5 Radiation Fields from a Given Aperture Field Distribution / 301
9.6 Radiation from Microstrip Antennas / 305
9.7 Self- and Mutual Impedances of Wire Antennas with Given Current Distributions / 308
9.8 Current Distribution of a Wire Antenna / 313
Problems / 314
10 SCATTERING OF WAVES BY CONDUCTING AND DIELECTRIC OBJECTS 317
10.1 Cross Sections and Scattering Amplitude / 318
10.2 Radar Equations / 321
10.3 General Properties of Cross Sections / 322
10.4 Integral Representations of Scattering Amplitude and Absorption Cross Sections / 325
10.5 Rayleigh Scattering for a Spherical Object / 328
10.6 Rayleigh Scattering for a Small Ellipsoidal Object / 330
10.7 Rayleigh-Debye Scattering (Born Approximation) / 334
10.8 Elliptic Polarization and Stokes Parameters / 338
10.9 Partial Polarization and Natural Light / 341
10.10 Scattering Amplitude Functions f11, f12, f21, and f22 and the Stokes Matrix / 342
10.11 Acoustic Scattering / 344
10.12 Scattering Cross Section of a Conducting Body / 346
10.13 Physical Optics Approximation / 347
10.14 Moment Method: Computer Applications / 350
Problems / 354
11 WAVES IN CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES, SPHERES, AND WEDGES 357
11.1 Plane Wave Incident on a Conducting Cylinder / 357
11.2 Plane Wave Incident on a Dielectric Cylinder / 361
11.3 Axial Dipole Near a Conducting Cylinder / 364
11.4 Radiation Field / 366
11.5 Saddle-Point Technique / 368
11.6 Radiation from a Dipole and Parseval's Theorem / 371
11.7 Large Cylinders and the Watson Transform / 373
11.8 Residue Series Representation and Creeping Waves / 376
11.9 Poisson's Sum Formula, Geometric Optical Region, and Fock Representation / 379
11.10 Mie Scattering by a Dielectric Sphere / 382
11.11 Axial Dipole in the Vicinity of a Conducting Wedge / 390
11.12 Line Source and Plane Wave Incident on a Wedge / 392
11.13 Half-Plane Excited by a Plane Wave / 394
Problems / 395
12 SCATTERING BY COMPLEX OBJECTS 401
12.1 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for Soft and Hard Surfaces / 402
12.2 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for a Penetrable Homogeneous Body / 404
12.3 EFIE and MFIE / 406
12.4 T-Matrix Method (Extended Boundary Condition Method) / 408
12.5 Symmetry and Unitarity of the T-Matrix and the Scattering Matrix / 414
12.6 T-Matrix Solution for Scattering from Periodic Sinusoidal Surfaces / 416
12.7 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TM Case / 418
12.8 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TE Case / 423
12.9 Three-Dimensional Dielectric Bodies / 426
12.10 Electromagnetic Aperture Integral Equations for a Conducting Screen / 427
12.11 Small Apertures / 430
12.12 Babinet's Principle and Slot and Wire Antennas / 433
12.13 Electromagnetic Diffraction by Slits and Ribbons / 439
12.14 Related Problems / 441
Problems / 441
13 GEOMETRIC THEORY OF DIFFRACTION AND LOW FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES 443
13.1 Geometric Theory of Diffraction / 444
13.2 Diffraction by a Slit for Dirichlet's Problem / 447
13.3 Diffraction by a Slit for Neumann's Problem and Slope Diffraction / 452
13.4 Uniform Geometric Theory of Diffraction for an Edge / 455
13.5 Edge Diffraction for a Point Source / 457
13.6 Wedge Diffraction for a Point Source / 461
13.7 Slope Diffraction and Grazing Incidence / 463
13.8 Curved Wedge / 463
13.9 Other High-Frequency Techniques / 465
13.10 Vertex and Surface Diffraction / 466
13.11 Low-Frequency Scattering / 467
Problems / 470
14 PLANAR LAYERS, STRIP LINES, PATCHES, AND APERTURES 473
14.1 Excitation of Waves in a Dielectric Slab / 473
14.2 Excitation of Waves in a Vertically Inhomogeneous Medium / 481
14.3 Strip Lines / 485
14.4 Waves Excited by Electric and Magnetic Currents Perpendicular to Dielectric Layers / 492
14.5 Waves Excited by Transverse Electric and Magnetic Currents in Dielectric Layers / 496
14.6 Strip Lines Embedded in Dielectric Layers / 500
14.7 Periodic Patches and Apertures Embedded in Dielectric Layers / 502
Problems / 506
15 RADIATION FROM A DIPOLE ON THE CONDUCTING EARTH 509
15.1 Sommerfeld Dipole Problem / 509
15.2 Vertical Electric Dipole Located Above the Earth / 510
15.3 Reflected Waves in Air / 514
15.4 Radiation Field: Saddle-Point Technique / 517
15.5 Field Along the Surface and the Singularities of the Integrand / 519
15.6 Sommerfeld Pole and Zenneck Wave / 521
15.7 Solution to the Sommerfeld Problem / 524
15.8 Lateral Waves: Branch Cut Integration / 528
15.9 Refracted Wave / 536
15.10 Radiation from a Horizontal Dipole / 538
15.11 Radiation in Layered Media / 541
15.12 Geometric Optical Representation / 545
15.13...
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2017 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Nachrichtentechnik |
| Genre: | Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Seiten: | 976 |
| Inhalt: | 976 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781118098813 |
| ISBN-10: | 1118098811 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Ishimaru, Akira |
| Auflage: | 2nd Revised edition |
| Hersteller: |
Wiley
John Wiley & Sons |
| Maße: | 240 x 161 x 56 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Akira Ishimaru |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 05.09.2017 |
| Gewicht: | 1,601 kg |
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