Carl H. Hamann:
Following his studies in mathematics, physics, biology and economics in Hamburg and Bonn, graduating in 1966 as a physicist, Carl H. Hamann gained his doctorate in 1970, becoming Professor for Applied Physical Chemistry at the University of Oldenburg in 1975. He has since concentrated mainly on fuel cells, electrochemical metrology, passage and adsorption kinetics, turbulent flows, the thermodynamics of irreversible systems, preparative electroorganic chemistry and technical electrochemistry. Professor Hamann has thus far published some 80 articles in journals and books.

Wolf Vielstich:
As Heinz Gerischer's first student, in Gottingen in 1952/53, Wolf Vielstich was concerned with developing a fast Potentiostaten while determining exchange current densities. Upon starting work at the Institute for Physical Chemistry, Bonn University, in 1960 he demonstrated that, apart from mercury, reproducible cyclic voltamograms, such as for the oxidation of hydrogen and methanol, are contained in solid electrodes, including Pt, Ir, Rh, Au and Pd. There then followed experiments with methanol/air and NiMH cells, among others. He was always interested in developing novel methods, such as the rotating ring electrode, on-line MS (DEMS), in-situ FTIRS and UHV analysis of adsorbants. Between 1986 and 1993, Wolf Vielstich was the Coordinator of the first European project to develop a DMFC, and in 1998 he was awarded the Faraday Medal by the Royal Chemical Society. Since 1999 he has been working as a guest of the Universidade de Sao Paulo, and edited Wiley's Handbook of Fuel Cells (2003).

Professor Hamnett graduated from the University of Oxford with a BA (Chemistry) in 1970 and a [...]. (Chemistry) in 1973. He has held research and academic positions at the University of British Columbia, Canada, and at Oxford and Newcastle Universities, England, before his appointment in January 2001 as Principal and Vice-chancellor of the University of Strathclyde. He has nearly 200 publications in books and scientific journals, covering areas of spectroscopy, quantum theory and electrochemistry. His primary academic interests in recent years include the development and utilisation of spectro-electrochemical techniques in electrochemistry, and the development of improved fuel cells and solar-energy conversion devices.

Preface xiii
List of Symbols and Units xv 1 Foundations, Definitions and Concepts 11.1 Ions, Electrolytes and the Quantisation of Electrical Charge 1
1.2 Transition from Electronic to Ionic Conductivity in an Electrochemical Cell 3
1.3 Electrolysis Cells and Galvanic Cells: The Decomposition Potential and the Concept of EMF 4
1.4 Faraday's Laws 7
1.5 Systems of Units 9 2 Electrical Conductivity and Interionic Interactions 132.1 Fundamentals 13
2.2 Empirical Laws of Electrolyte Conductivity 21
2.3 Ionic Mobility and Hittorf Transport 27
2.4 The Theory of Electrolyte Conductivity: The Debye-Hückel-Onsager Theory of Dilute Electrolytes 38
2.5 The Concept of Activity from the Electrochemical Viewpoint 46
2.6 The Properties of Weak Electrolytes 61
2.7 The Concept of pH and the Idea of Buffer Solutions 64
2.8 Non-aqueous Solutions 66
2.9 Simple Applications of Conductivity Measurements 71 3 Electrode Potentials and Double-Layer Structure at Phase Boundaries 773.1 Electrode Potentials and their Dependence on Concentration, Gas Pressure and Temperature 77
3.2 Liquid-junction Potentials 105
3.3 Membrane Potentials 112
3.4 The Electrolyte Double-Layer and Electrokinetic Effects 115
3.5 Potential and Phase Boundary Behaviour at Semiconductor Electrodes 133
3.6 Simple Applications of Potential Difference Measurements 139 4 Electrical Potentials and Electrical Current 1574.1 Cell Voltage and Electrode Potential during Current Flow: an Overview 157
4.2 The Electron-transfer Region of the Current-Potential Curve 162
4.3 The Concentration Overpotential - The Effect of Transport of Material on the Current-Voltage Curve 185
4.4 The Effect of Simultaneous Chemical Processes on the Current Voltage Curve 203
4.5 Adsorption Processes 207
4.6 Electrocrystallisation - Metal Deposition and Dissolution 213
4.7 Mixed Electrodes and Corrosion 225
4.8 Current Flows on Semiconductor Electrodes 231
4.9 Bioelectrochemistry 241 5 Methods for the Study of the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface 2515.1 The Measurement of Stationary Current-Potential Curves 251
5.2 Quasi-Stationary Methods 260
5.3 Electrochemical Methods for the Study of Electrode Films 291
5.4 Spectroelectrochemical and other Non-classical Methods 295
5.5 Preparation of Nanostructures, Combination of STM and UHV-Transfer 326
5.6 Optical Methods 328 6 Electrocatalysis and Reaction Mechanisms 3396.1 On Electrocatalysis 339
6.2 The Hydrogen Electrode 341
6.3 The Oxygen Electrode 346
6.4 Methanol Oxidation 348
6.5 Carbon Monoxide Oxidation at Platinum Surfaces 358
6.6 Conversion of Chemical Energy of Ethanol into Electricity 364
6.7 Reaction Mechanisms in Electro-organic Chemistry 366
6.8 Oscillations in Electrochemical Systems 375 7 Solid and Molten-salt Ionic Conductors as Electrolytes 3817.1 Ionically Conducting Solids 381
7.2 Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPE's) 386
7.3 Ionically-conducting Melts 392 8 Industrial Electrochemical Processes 3978.1 Introduction and Fundamentals 397
8.2 The Electrochemical Preparation of Chlorine and NaOH 404
8.3 The Electrochemical Extraction and Purification of Metals 414
8.4 Special Preparation Methods for Inorganic Chemicals 418
8.5 Electro-organic Synthesis 422
8.6 Modern Cell Designs 425
8.7 Future Possibilities for Electrocatalysis 428
8.8 Component Separation Methods 431 9 Galvanic Cells 4399.1 Basics 440
9.2 Properties, Components and Characteristics of Batteries 441
9.3 Secondary Systems 450
9.4 Primary Systems other than Leclanché Batteries 464
9.5 Fuel Cells 468
9.6 Primary and Secondary Air Batteries 483
9.7 Efficiency of Batteries and Fuel Cells 486
9.8 Super-capacitors 487 10 Analytical Applications 49110.1 Titration Processes using Electrochemical Indicators 491
10.2 Electro-analytical Methods 494
10.3 Electrochemical Sensors 505 Subject Index 521