James Joyce (1882-1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, poet, and one of the central figures of literary modernism. Born in Dublin, Joyce spent much of his adult life outside Ireland, but Dublin remained the imaginative centre of his work. His fiction transformed the possibilities of modern prose through its attention to consciousness, language, memory, ordinary urban life, religious inheritance, national identity, and the pressure of private desire within public and social [...]'s major works include Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses, and Finnegans Wake. Dubliners, his first prose fiction book, remains the most accessible entry into his world and one of the great achievements of the modern short story. Its realism is exact, but its effects are larger than documentary detail: Joyce turns daily life into a sequence of moral and emotional revelations, exposing the paralysis, longing, frustration, humour, and buried tenderness of a city and its people. For readers of Irish literature, modernism, classic short fiction, and twentieth-century literary history, Joyce is unavoidable.