Divina Frau-Meigs is Professor of media and ICT sociology at Sorbonne Nouvelle University, France. She is a specialist of cultural diversity, internet governance and media and information literacy (MIL) as well as a researcher in the media uses and practices of young people and information disorders (radicalization, disinformation, hate speech etc.). She is the author and (co)editor of more than 40 books and 300 scholarly articles and book chapters. She holds the UNESCO Chair "Savoir Devenir in the era of digital development" (2015-), part of MILID and ORBICOM global networks. She founded the NGO Savoir*Devenir in 2017 to develop projects in MIL and digital citizenship. She is an expert with UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the European Union. As such, she was part of the EU high-level expert group on online disinformation (2018) and the high-level expert group on media literacy (2010-) as well as being a member of the Information for All Programme (IFAP) at UNESCO.

Nicoleta Corbu is Professor at the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA), Bucharest, Romania. She is the director of the Interdisciplinary PhD School (SNSPA) and executive director of the Center for Research in Communication. She is Vice Chair of ECREA Political Communication section. She is the recipient of a Fulbright grant in the United States (University of Georgia, 2008-2009), and was visiting professor at Florida Gulf Coast University (2012). She is currently part of BROD EDMO hub (European Media Digital Observatory) and member of the Network of European Political Communication Scholars (NEPOCS) since 2018. She has published books and papers on political communication and education policies.

Introduction

Section 1. Fighting disinformation from a theoretical perspective. Designing Projects YouCheck! and YouVerify!

1. The state-of-the-art in combating mis- and disinformation: Lessons from pre- and debunking approaches

2. The Political Economy of Fact-Checking: From Hope to Reality Check

3. MIL theories and the fight against disinformation in practice: projects YouCheck! and YouVerify!

Section 2. Fighting disinformation from a practical perspective. Results of projects YouCheck! and YouVerify!

4. Using tools to fight disinformation in and outside the classrooms: Evidence from four countries

5. Scaling up the fight against disinformation: the MOOC "Disinformation Step by Step" in project YouVerify!

6. The role of facilitation to foster participation and ensure knowledge transfer in media and information literacy: the case of the MOOC "Disinformation Step by Step"

7. Fighting against disinformation: measuring effects in Spain

8. 21st-century skills: enforcing resilience and critical thinking against visual disinformation through serious games

Section 3. Fighting mis- and disinformation from a policy making perspective. Solutions from projects YouCheck! and YouVerify!

9. Fighting disinformation: evidence for policy making

10. Public policies to fight disinformation actively through media and information literacy

Conclusions