Foreword Michael Lamb; Introduction: understanding relationships. What we would need to know to conceptualize attachment as the cultural solution of a universal developmental task Heidi Keller; Part I. Attachment as an Adaptation: Evolutionary, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives: 1. Family relations among cooperative breeders: challenges and offerings to attachment theory from evolutionary anthropology Johannes Johow and Eckart Voland; 2. Attachment theory as cultural ideology Robert A. LeVine; 3. 'Babies aren't persons': a survey of delayed personhood David Lancy; Part II. Multiple Attachments: Allomothering, Stranger Anxiety, and Intimacy: 4. Maternal and allomaternal responsiveness: the significance of cooperative caregiving in attachment theory Courtney L. Meehan and Sean Hawks; 5. Bonding and belonging beyond WEIRD worlds: rethinking attachment theory on the basis of cross-cultural anthropological data Birgitt Röttger-Rössler; 6. Concentric circles of attachment in Pirahã: a brief survey Daniel L. Everett; 7. Is it time to detach from attachment theory? Perspectives from the West African rain forest Alma Gottlieb; 8. 'Don't show your emotions!' Emotion regulation and attachment in the Cameroonian Nso Hiltrud Otto; 9. Family life as bricolage - reflections on intimacy and attachment in death Nancy Scheper-Hughes; Part III. Looking into the Future and Implications for Policy Development: 10. The socialization of trust: plural caretaking and diverse pathways in human development across cultures Thomas S. Weisner; 11. The precursors of attachment security: behavioral systems and culture Vivian Carlson and Robin Harwood; Part IV. Conclusion Heidi Keller and Hiltrud Otto.