SVEN NYHOLM is Professor of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence at LMU Munich and one of the Principal Investigators at the Munich Center for Machine Learning. He is the author of Humans and Robots: Ethics, Agency and Anthropomorphism and This is Technology Ethics: An Introduction, and serves as an Area Editor for Science and Engineering Ethics.

ATOOSA KASIRZADEH is a philosopher, AI researcher, and Assistant Professor at Carnegie Mellon University with joint appointments in Philosophy and Software & Societal Systems. She is a Schmidt Sciences AI2050 Early Career Fellow, a Steering Committee Member for ACM FAccT, and a widely cited advisor on AI governance and responsible innovation.

JOHN ZERILLI is a philosopher and legal scholar specializing in AI, cognitive science, and digital law. He is Senior Lecturer at King's College London and a Research Associate at the Oxford Institute for Ethics in AI. His books include The Adaptable Mind and A Citizen's Guide to Artificial Intelligence.

Notes on the Contributors ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xv

Section One Conceptual and Methodological Preliminaries 1

Part 1 The Ethics of Defining Artificial Intelligence 3

1 What Is Artificial Intelligence and Should We Define It in Terms of Agency? 5
Sven Nyholm

2 Artificial Intelligence as a New Form of Agency 17
Luciano Floridi

Part 2 What Is Distinctive About the Ethics of AI? 35

3 What Can AI Ethics Learn from Medical Ethics, Bioethics, and Animal Ethics? 37
Paula Boddington

4 What Is Distinctive About AI Ethics When Compared to Bioethics? 51
Thomas Grote

Section Two Algorithmic Fairness and Explainability 61

Part 1 Algorithmic Fairness 63

5 Can We Make Algorithms Fair? 65
Margaret Mitchell

6 What If Algorithmic Fairness Is a Category Error? 77
Arvind Narayanan

Part 2 The Moral and Epistemological Significance of Explainability 97

7 Are Explanations of AI Decisions Morally Necessary? 99
Emily Sullivan

8 Doing Without Explainable AI 111
David Danks

Section Three Data and Privacy 121

Part 1 What Is Privacy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Why Is It Important? 123

9 Nine Philosophical Questions About Privacy 125
Leonhard Menges

Part 2 Big Data and Group Rights 137

10 The Group Right to Privacy in the Age of AI 139
Anuj Puri

11 Group Rights: A Skeptical View 153
John Zerilli

Section Four The Ethics of Handing over Tasks Previously Performed by Humans to AI 161

Part 1 Responsibility, Authorship, and Human Creativity in the Age of AI 163

12 Entangling Ourselves with AI: Affirmative Responsibility and the Cultivation of Responsible Agency 165
Fabio Tollon and Shannon Vallor

13 Generative AI, Language, and Authorship: Deconstructing the Debate and Moving It Forward 183
Mark Coeckelbergh and David Gunkel

14 From "Can AI Be Creative?" to "What Is the Value of Integrating AI into Creative Processes?" 199
Caterina Moruzzi

Part 2 AI and the Future of Work 213

15 What Will Work Be Like in the Future? 215
Daniel Susskind

16 AI and the Future of Work: An Egalitarian Vision 229
Kate Vredenburgh

Section Five Value Alignment, The Control Problem, and AI Risks 245

Part 1 Can We Solve the Value Alignment Problem? 247

17 What Would It Look Like to Align Humans with Ants? 249
Vincent Conitzer

Part 2 Could Value Alignment Guarantee Control over AI? 263

18 Could We Control Superintelligent AI? 265
Roman V. Yampolskiy

19 The Many Faces of AI Alignment 277
Atoosa Kasirzadeh

Part 3 AI Ethics vs. AI Safety: Friends or Foes? 295

20 On the Troubled Relation Between AI Ethics and AI Safety 297
Olle Häggström

21 Short-Term or Long-Term AI Ethics? A Dilemma for Ethical Singularity Only 309
Vincent C. Müller

Section Six Can AI Technologies Be Sentient, and Should We Ever Treat Them with Moral Consideration? 319

Part 1 Can an AI Entity Be a Moral Patient? 321

22 Should We Worry About the Moral Status of Nonsentient AIs? 323
Parisa Moosavi

23 On the Moral Status of AI Entities and Robots: A Critique of the Social-Relational Approach and a Defense of the Properties-Based Approach 337
John-Stewart Gordon

Section Seven Environmental Impacts and the Geopolitics of AI 353

Part 1 Where Should the Goal of Making AI Environmentally Sustainable Rank Among Attempts to Make Other Carbon-Intensive Activities Sustainable? 355

24 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Refuse: Green Data Refusal and Sustainable AI 357
Cristina Richie

Part 2 How Is AI Development Viewed by the Global Majority? 369

25 The Making and Management of Computational Agency 371
Ranjit Singh

Section Eight Democracy and AI Governance 387

Part 1 Are AI-Powered Social Media Platforms Compatible with Democracy? 389

26 Deepfakes and Democracy 391
Claire Benn

27 Should Online Platforms Be Publicly Owned and Controlled? 415
Sean Donahue

Part 2 AI Governance 427

28 The Tragedy of AI Governance 429
Simon Chesterman

29 Can AI Be Governed? 439
Gillian K. Hadfield

Index 453