Highlights the need for clear conservation management goals, rarely considered in previous publications on freshwater monitoring, though fisheries are more familiar with the concept

Promotes the concept of integrated monitoring of biological conservation interest and water quality

Uses the results of field trials to draw attention to the shortcomings inherent in many existing monitoring projects

Setting the scene.- Conservation Monitoring in Freshwater Habitats: An Introduction.- Options for Planning Management.- The Water Framework Directive and the Habitats and Birds Directives.- Biological Indicators for Freshwater Habitats.- Freshwater Mammals as Indicators of Habitat Condition.- Waterbirds as Bioindicators of Environmental Conditions.- Monitoring Fish Populations in River SACs.- Assessment of Aquatic Invertebrates.- Riverine Plants as Biological Indicators.- Phytoplankton (Toxic Algae) as Biological Indicators.- Monitoring Biological Invasions in Freshwater Habitats.- Rivers: Threats and Monitoring Issues.- Threats to River Habitats and Associated Plants and Animals.- The Development and Application of Mean Trophic Rank (MTR).- Monitoring the Ranunculion Habitat on the River Itchen: Practical Application and Constraints.- Observer Variation in River Macrophyte Surveys.- The Implications of Observer Variation for Existing Macrophyte Recording Methods.- Unitisation of Protected Rivers.- River Case Studies.- Monitoring the Ranunculion Habitat of the Western Cleddau: A Case Study.- Monitoring of Cryphaea lamyana on the Afon Teifi SSSI/SAC: A Case Study.- Monitoring Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus Ammocoetes in SAC Rivers: A Case Study on the River Wye.- Monitoring Juvenile Atlantic Salmon and Sea Trout in the River Sävarån, Northern Sweden.- Shad Monitoring in the Afon Tywi SAC: A Case Study.- Monitoring the Effects of Acidification and Liming on Water Quality in a Boreal Stream: The River Stridbäcken in Northern Sweden.- Lake and wetland case studies.- A Baseline for Monitoring the Freshwater Natura 2000 Vegetation of the Teifi Pools (Afon Teifi SAC), Wales.- Aquatic Plant Monitoring in the Broads.- Monitoring Stoneworts Chara spp. at Bosherston Lakes.-Monitoring Wetland Mammals: An Ecological Case Study.- Ringed Seals in the Gulf of Bothnia.- Integrated surveillance, monitoring and management at Doñana Natural Space.- An Integrated Monitoring Programme for Doñana Natural Space: The Set-Up and Implementation.- Monitoring Aquatic Ecosystems at Doñana Natural Space.- Endangered Waterbirds at Doñana Natural Space.- Monitoring Marsh Dynamics Through Remote Sensing.- New Technologies for Long-Term Biodiversity Monitoring.