1 Renal Anatomy, 1

2 Renal Physiology, 14

SECTION II Investigation of Renal Disease

3 Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate, 29

4 Urinalysis, 39

5 Imaging, 53

6 Renal Biopsy, 72

SECTION III Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

7 Disorders of Extracellular Volume, 80

8 Disorders of Water Metabolism, 94

9 Disorders of Potassium Metabolism, 111

10 Disorders of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism, 124

11 Normal Acid-Base Balance, 142

12 Metabolic Acidosis, 149

13 Metabolic Alkalosis, 160

14 Respiratory Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis, and Mixed Disorders, 170

SECTION IV Glomerular Disease

15 Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Clinical Presentations, 184

16 Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Histologic Classification and Pathogenesis, 199

17 Minimal Change Disease, 209

18 Primary and Secondary (Non-Genetic) Causes of Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, 219

19 Inherited Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome, 232

20 Membranous Nephropathy, 240

21 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis, 254

22 Glomerulonephritis Associated With Complement Disorders, 263

23 Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura), 270

24 Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease and Goodpasture Disease, 281

25 Renal and Systemic Vasculitis, 290

26 Lupus Nephritis, 306

27 Renal Amyloidosis and Glomerular Diseases With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition, 320

28 Rare Glomerular Disorders, 333

29 Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Including Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, 343

SECTION V Diabetic Kidney Disease

30 Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Natural History of Diabetic Kidney Disease, 357

31 Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease, 376

32 Management of the Diabetic Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease, 385

SECTION VI Hypertension

33 Normal Blood Pressure Control and the Evaluation of Hypertension, 396

34 Primary Hypertension, 412

35 Nonpharmacologic Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension, 422

36 Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension, 430

37 Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies, 444

38 Endocrine Causes of Hypertension: Aldosterone, 453

39 Other Endocrine Causes of Hypertension, 463

40 Neurogenic Hypertension, Including Hypertension Associated With Stroke or Spinal Cord Injury, 473

SECTION VII Renovascular Disease

41 Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic

Nephropathy, 482

SECTION VIII Pregnancy and Renal Disease

42 Renal Physiology and Complications in Normal Pregnancy, 502

43 Pregnancy With Preexisting Kidney Disease, 522

SECTION IX Hereditary and Congenital Diseases of the Kidney

44 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, 532

45 Other Cystic Kidney Diseases, 545

46 Alport Syndrome and Other Familial Glomerular Syndromes, 560

47 Inherited Disorders of Sodium and Water Handling, 575

48 Fanconi Syndrome and Other Proximal Tubule Disorders, 586

49 Sickle Cell Diseases and the Kidney, 597

50 Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, 607

SECTION X Infectious Diseases and the Kidney

51 Urinary Tract Infections in Adults, 626

52 Tuberculosis of the Urinary Tract, 639

53 Fungal Infections of the Urinary Tract, 650

54 The Kidney in Schistosomiasis, 655

55 Glomerular Diseases Associated With Infection, 664

56 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Kidney, 679

SECTION XI Urologic Disorders

57 Nephrolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis, 689

58 Urinary Tract Obstruction, 704

59 Urologic Issues for the Nephr