Tim Prenzler is a professor at the University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia, where he is program convenor of the Bachelor in Criminology and Justice. He was a chief investigator in the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security, based at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, where he managed the Integrity Systems Research Program. He was also a member of the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Griffith University. He is the author of Police Corruption: Preventing Misconduct and Maintaining Integrity; coauthor, with Adam Graycar, of Understanding and Preventing Corruption; editor of Policing and Security in Practice: Challenges and Achievements; and editor of Professional Practice in Crime Prevention and Security Management.

Garth den Heyer is a qualitative researcher whose interests include police organizational reform and performance and police service delivery effectiveness. He is an inspector with the New Zealand Police, a lecturer with Walden University in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and a senior research fellow with the Police Foundation in Washington, DC. He has a doctorate in public policy from Charles Sturt University in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. He has published extensively on police reform and is the author of The Role of Civilian Police in Peacekeeping: 1999-2007 and Use of Econometric Modeling and Analysis to Support Operational Policing.

SETTING THE CONTEXT. Scandal, Inquiry, and Reform: The Evolving Locus of Responsibility for Police Integrity. Independent Minded: The Role and Status of "Independence" in the Investigation of Police Complaints. STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES ON COMPLAINTS AGAINST POLICE. Democratic Policing, Public Opinion, and External Oversight. Complainants' Views of Police Complaint Systems: The Gap between Aspiration and Experience. Police Views on Processing Complaints against Police. REGIONAL, NATIONAL, AND JURISDICTIONAL ACCOUNTS OF EXTERNAL OVERSIGHT. Civilian Oversight of Police in Africa: Trends and Challenges. Police Accountability and Citizen Oversight in Emerging Democracies in Asia. The Interface between Human Rights and Police Complaints in Europe. Citizen Oversight in the United States and Canada: Applying Outcome Measures and Evidence-Based Concepts. Police Independent Oversight in Australia and New Zealand. TOWARD A MODEL SYSTEM. Police Professional Standards Units and External Oversight Agencies: Can There Be Productive Collaboration? Managing Police Conduct: Finding the Ideal Division of Labor between Internal and External Processes.