Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624 (Emeritus), has been in the networking industry since 1981. He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer; he currently works writing and creating certification study tools. This book is his 27th edition of some product for Pearson, and he is the author of all editions of the CCNA R&S and CCENT Cert Guides from Cisco Press. He has written books about topics from networking basics, certification guides throughout the years for CCENT, CCNA R&S, CCNA DC, CCNP ROUTE, CCNP QoS, and CCIE R&S.

Introduction xxxiv

Your Study Plan 2

Part I Networking Fundamentals 13

Chapter 1 Introduction to TCP/IP Networking 14

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 14

Foundation Topics 17

Perspectives on Networking 17

TCP/IP Networking Model 18

History Leading to TCP/IP 19

Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 20

TCP/IP Application Layer 22

TCP/IP Transport Layer 23

TCP/IP Network Layer 25

TCP/IP Link Layer (Data Link Plus Physical) 28

TCP/IP Model and Terminology 30

OSI Networking Model 32

Comparing OSI and TCP/IP 32

Describing Protocols by Referencing the OSI Layers 33

OSI Layers and Their Functions 33

OSI Layering Concepts and Benefits 35

OSI Encapsulation Terminology 35

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs 38

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 38

Foundation Topics 40

An Overview of LANs 40

Typical SOHO LANs 41

Typical Enterprise LANs 42

The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 43

Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data Link Layer 44

Building Physical Ethernet Networks with UTP 45

Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 45

Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link 46

UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T 48

UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T 51

Sending Data in Ethernet Networks 51

Ethernet Data-Link Protocols 51

Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs 55

Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs 60

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 60

Foundation Topics 62

Leased-Line WANs 62

Positioning Leased Lines with LANs and Routers 62

Physical Details of Leased Lines 63

Data-Link Details of Leased Lines 66

Ethernet as a WAN Technology 69

Ethernet WANs that Create a Layer 2 Service 70

How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet Emulation 71

Accessing the Internet 72

The Internet as a Large WAN 72

Internet Access (WAN) Links 73

Digital Subscriber Line 74

Cable Internet 76

Chapter 4 Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and Routing 78

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 78

Foundation Topics 81

Overview of Network Layer Functions 81

Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 81

How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 83

IP Addressing and How Addressing Helps IP Routing 84

Routing Protocols 85

IPv4 Addressing 86

Rules for IP Addresses 86

Rules for Grouping IP Addresses 87

IP Subnetting 91

IPv4 Routing 93

IPv4 Host Routing 93

Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 94

IPv4 Routing Protocols 96

Other Network Layer Features 98

Using Names and the Domain Name System 98

The Address Resolution Protocol 99

ICMP Echo and the ping Command 100

Chapter 5 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport and Applications 102

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 102

Foundation Topics 104

TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDP 104

Transmission Control Protocol 105

User Datagram Protocol 113

TCP/IP Applications 114

Uniform Resource Identifiers 114

Finding the Web Server Using DNS 115

Transferring Files with HTTP 117

How the Receiving Host Identifies the Correct Receiving Application 118

Part I Review 120

Part II Implementing Basic Ethernet LANs 125

Chapter 6 Using the Command-Line Interface 126

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 126

Foundation Topics 128

Accessing the Cisco Catalyst Switch CLI 128

Cisco Catalyst Switches 128

Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI 129

CLI Help Features 136

The debug and show Commands 137

Configuring Cisco IOS Software 138

Configuration Submodes and Contexts 139

Storing Switch Configuration Files 141

Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 143

Chapter 7 Analyzing Ethernet LAN Switching 146

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 146

Foundation Topics 148

LAN Switching Concepts 148

Overview of Switching Logic 149

Forwarding Known Unicast Frames 150

Learning MAC Addresses 153

Flooding Unknown Unicast and Broadcast Frames 154

Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 154

LAN Switching Summary 155

Verifying and Analyzing Ethernet Switching 156

Demonstrating MAC Learning 156

Switch Interfaces 158

Finding Entries in the MAC Address Table 159

Managing the MAC Address Table (Aging, Clearing) 161

MAC Address Tables with Multiple Switches 162

Chapter 8 Configuring Basic Switch Management 166

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 166

Foundation Topics 168

Securing the Switch CLI 168

Securing User Mode and Privileged Mode with Simple Passwords 169

Securing User Mode Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 173

Securing User Mode Access with External Authentication Servers 175

Securing Remote Access with Secure Shell 176

Enabling IPv4 for Remote Access 179

Host and Switch IP Settings 179

Configuring IPv4 on a Switch 181

Configuring a Switch to Learn Its IP Address with DHCP 182

Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 183

Miscellaneous Settings Useful in Lab 184

History Buffer Commands 184

The logging synchronous, exec-timeout, and no ip domain-lookup Commands 184

Chapter 9 Configuring Switch Interfaces 190

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 190

Foundation Topics 192

Configuring Switch Interfaces 192

Configuring Speed, Duplex, and Description 193

Configuring Multiple Interfaces with the interface range Command 195

Administratively Controlling Interface State with shutdown 195

Removing Configuration with the no Command 197

Autonegotiation 198

Port Security 202

Configuring Port Security 203

Verifying Port Security 205

Port Security Violation Actions 207

Port Security MAC Addresses as Static and Secure but Not Dynamic 207

Part II Review 212

Part III Ethernet LANs: Design, VLANs, and Troubleshooting 217

Chapter 10 Analyzing Ethernet LAN Designs 218

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 218

Foundation Topics 220

Analyzing Collision Domains and Broadcast Domains 220

Ethernet Collision Domains 220

Ethernet Broadcast Domains 224

Analyzing Campus LAN Topologies 227

Two-Tier Campus Design (Collapsed Core) 227

Three-Tier Campus Design (Core) 230

Topology Design Terminology 232

Analyzing LAN Physical Standard Choices 233

Ethernet Standards 234

Choosing the Right Ethernet Standard for Each Link 235

Wireless LANs Combined with Wired Ethernet 236

Chapter 11 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 242

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 242

Foundation Topics 244

Virtual LAN Concepts 244

Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 246

Forwarding Data Between VLANs 249

VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 252

Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 252

VLAN Trunking Protocol 257

VLAN Trunking Configuration 258

Implementing Interfaces Connected to Phones 262

Chapter 12 Troubleshooting Ethernet LANs 270

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 271

Foundation Topics 274

Perspectives on Applying Troubleshooting Methodologies 274

Troubleshooting on the Exams 275

A Deeper Look at Problem Isolation 275

Troubleshooting as Covered in This Book 277

Analyzing Switch Interface Status and Statistics 278

Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States 278

Interface Speed and Duplex Issues 279

Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 282

Predicting Where Switches Will Forward Frames 284

Predicting the Contents of the MAC Address Table 284

Analyzing the Forwarding Path 286

Analyzing Port Security Operations on an Interface 287

Troubleshooting Shutdown Mode and Err-disabled Recovery 288

Troubleshooting Restrict and Protect Modes 289

Analyzing VLANs and VLAN Trunks 292

Ensuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANs 292

Access VLANs Not Being Defined 293

Access VLANs Being Disabled 294

Mismatched Trunking Operational States 294

Part III Review 298

Part IV IP Version 4 Addressing and Subnetting 301

Chapter 13 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 302

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 302

Foundation Topics 304

Introduction to Subnetting 304

Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 305

Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 306

Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 306

Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 306

Determining the Number of Subnets 308

Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 309

One Size Subnet Fits All-Or Not 310

Make Design Choices 313

Choose a Classful Network 313

Choose the Mask 316

Build a List of All Subnets 320

Plan the Implementation 321

Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 322

Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 323

Chapter 14 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 326

"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 326

Foundation Topics 328

Classful Network Concepts 328

IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 328

Number of Hosts per Network 331

Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 332

Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 334

Practice with Classful Networks 334

Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP...