PREFACE

PART ONE: Principles

BIOISOSTERISM IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Introduction
Isosterism
Bioisosterism
Bioisosterism in Lead Optimization
Conclusions

CLASSICAL BIOISOSTERES
Introduction
Historical Background
Classical Bioisosteres
Nonclassical Bioisosteres
Summary

CONSEQUENCES OF BIOISOSTERIC REPLACEMENT
Introduction
Bioisosteric Groupings to Improve Permeability
Bioisosteric Groupings to Lower Intrinsic Clearance
Bioisosteric Groupings to Improve Target Potency
Conclusions and Future Perspectives

PART TWO: Data

BIOSTER: A DATABASE OF BIOISOSTERES AND BIOANALOGUES
Introduction
Historical Overview and the Development of BIOSTER
Description of BIOSTER Database
Examples
Applications
Summary
Appendix

MINING THE CAMBRIDGE STRUCTURAL DATABASE FOR BIOISOSTERES
Introduction
The Cambridge Structural Database
The Cambridge Structural Database System
The Relevance of the CSD to Drug Discovery
Assessing Bioisosteres: Conformational Aspects
Assessing Bioisosteres: Nonbonded Interactions
Finding Bioisosteres in the CSD: Scaffold Hopping and Fragment Linking
A Case Study: Bioisosterism of 1H-Tetrazole and Carboxylic Acid Groups
Conclusions

MINING FOR CONTEXT-SENSITIVE BIOISOSTERIC REPLACEMENTS IN LARGE CHEMICAL DATABASES
Introduction
Definitions
Background
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions

PART THREE: Methods

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Introduction
Methods to Identify Bioisosteric Analogues
Descriptors to Characterize Properties of Substituents and Spacers
Classical Methods for Navigation in the Substituent Space
Tools to Identify Bioisosteric Groups Based on Similarity in Their Properties
Conclusions

MOLECULAR TOPOLOGY
Introduction
Controlled Fuzziness
Graph Theory
Data Mining
Topological Pharmacophores
Reduced Graphs
Summary

MOLECULAR SHAPE
Methods
Applications
Future Prospects

PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Introduction
Database of Ligand - Protein Complexes
Generation of Ideas for Bioisosteres
Context-Specific Bioisostere Generation
Using Structure to Understand Common Bioisosteric Replacements
Conclusions

PART FOUR: Applications

THE DRUG GURU PROJECT
Introduction
Implementation of Drug Guru
Bioisosteres
Application of Drug Guru
Quantitative Assessment of Drug Guru Transformations
Related Work
Summary: The Abbott Experience with the Drug Guru Project

BIOISOSTERES OF AN NPY-Y5 ANTAGONIST
Introduction
Background
Potential Bioisostere Approaches
Template Molecule Preparation
Database Molecule Preparation
Alignment and Scoring
Results and Monomer Selection
Synthesis and Screening
Discussion
SAR and Developability Optimization
Summary and Conclusion

PERSPECTIVES FROM MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Introduction
Pragmatic Bioisostere Replacement in Medicinal Chemistry: A Software Maker.s Viewpoint
The Role of Quantum Chemistry in Bioisostere Prediction
Learn from ''Naturally Drug-Like'' Compounds
Bioisosterism at the University of Sheffield