Part I. Introduction: 1. Autonomous weapons systems: living a dignified life and dying a dignified death Christof Heyns; Part II. Meanings of Autonomy and Human Cognition under Automation: 2. Staying in the loop: human supervisory control of weapons Noel Sharkey; 3. The autonomy of technological systems and responsibilities for their use Giovanni Sartor and Andrea Omicini; 4. Human-machine autonomies Lucy Suchman and Jutta Weber; Part III. Autonomous Weapons Systems and Human Dignity: 5. Are autonomous weapon systems a threat to human dignity? Dieter Birnbacher; 6. On banning autonomous weapons systems: from deontological to wide consequentialist reasons Guglielmo Tamburrini; Part IV. Risk, Transparency and Legal Compliance in the Regulation of Autonomous Weapons Systems: 7. Judgment, liability, and the risk of riskless warfare Pablo Kalmanovitz; 8. Autonomous weapons systems and transparency: towards an international dialogue Sarah Knuckey; 9. A human touch: autonomous weapons, DOD Directive 3000.09 and the interpretation of 'appropriate levels of human judgment over the use of force' Dan Saxon; 10. Autonomous weapons systems: managing the inevitability of 'taking the man out of the loop' Geoffrey S. Corn; Part V. New Frameworks for Collective Responsibility: 11. The obligation to exercise discretion in warfare: why autonomous weapon systems are unlawful Eliav Lieblich and Eyal Benvenisti; 12. Autonomy and uncertainty: increasingly autonomous weapons systems and the international legal regulation of risk Nehal Bhuta and Stavros-Evdokimos Pantazopoulos; Part VI. New Frameworks for Individual Responsibility: 13. Autonomous weapons systems: new frameworks for individual responsibility Neha Jain; 14. Refining responsibility: differentiating two types of responsibility issues raised by autonomous weapons systems Hin-Yan Liu; 15. Present futures: concluding reflections and open questions on autonomous weapons systems Nehal Bhuta, Susanne Beck and Robin Geiß.