Preface 10 Introduction: Art in Context 12 Part I: The Late Thirteenth and the Fourteenth Century 47 1 The Origins of the Renaissance 48 2 Rome: Artists, Popes, and Cardinals 56 3 Assisi and Padua: Narrative Realism 67 4 Florence: Traditions and Innovations 77 5 Siena: City of the Virgin 99 6 Naples: Art for a Royal Kingdom 124 7 Venice: The Most Serene Republic 135 8 Pisa and Florence: Social Upheaval 150 9 Visconti Milan and Carrara Padua 174 Part II: The Fifteenth Century 203 10 Florence: Commune and Guild 204 11 Florence: The Medici and Political Propaganda 251 12 Rome: Re-establishing Papal Power 289 13 Venice: Affirming the Past and Present 313 14 Courtly Art: The Gothic and Classic 336 Part III: The First Half of the Sixteenth Century 377 15 Sforza Milan: Ducal Splendor 362 16 Florence: The Renewed Republic 387 17 Rome: Julius II, Leo X, and Clement VII 397 18 Florence: Mannerism and the Medici 437 19 Mantua, Parma, and Genoa: The Arts at Court 425 20 Venice: Vision and Monumentality 464 Part IV: The Later Sixteenth Century 499 21 The Rome of Paul III 500 22 The Council of Trent and Innovations in Northern Italian Art 527 23 Florence under Cosimo I 24 Rome: A European Capital Genealogies 548 List of Popes 553 List of Venetian Doges 553 Time Chart 554 Glossary 556 Bibliography 558 Literary Credits, Picture Credits 566 Index 567