Steven Fine is the Dean Pinkhos Churgin Professor of Jewish History at Yeshiva University.

Introduction; Part I. 'The 'Most Unmonumental People' of the World': Modern Constructions of Ancient Jewish Art: 1. Building an ancient synagogue on the Delaware: Philadelphia's Henry S. Frank Memorial Synagogue and constructions of Jewish art at the turn of the twentieth century; 2. The old-new land: 'Jewish archaeology' and the Zionist narrative; 3. Archaeology and the search for 'non-Rabbinic Judaism'; 4. Art history: transmitting Jewish artlessness to new generations; 5. Toward a new 'Jewish archaeology': methodological reflections; Part II. Art and Identity During the Greco-Roman Period: 6. Art and identity in latter second temple period Judaism: the Hasmonean Roay Tombs at Modi'in; 7. Art and identity in Late Antique Palestine: the Na'aran Synagogue; 8. Art and identity in Diaspora communities in Late Antiquity from Nehardea to Rome; Part III. Jewish 'Symbols' During the Greco-Roman Period: 9. Between Rome and Jerusalem: the date palm as a 'Jewish symbol'; 10. 'The lamps of Israel': the Menorah as a Jewish symbol; Part IV. Reading Holistically: Art and the Liturgy of Late Antique Synagogues: 11. The Dura Europos Synagogue and its liturgical parchment; 12. Synagogue mosaics and liturgy in the land of Israel; a. The Sepphoris Synagogue: a liturgical interpretation; b. The Torah, its shrine, and the decoration of late antique Palestinian synagogues; c. The zodiac; 13. Concluding comments: sanctity and the art of ancient synagogues; Epilogue.