Seth R. Katz is Associate Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of English at Bradley University, USA.

Contents

Introduction

Language Variety and Grammar

The Point of the Book

A Summary of the Book

Key Points

A Guide to Non-Standard American Varieties

Acknowledgements

Credits

Abbreviations and Conventions

Introduction Notes

Chapter 1: Sentences; Parts of Speech and Their Phrases

1. Sentences: Subjects, Verbs, Verb Complements, and Sentence Modifiers

1.2 Parts of Speech and Their Phrases

Key Points

1.3 Exercises: Sentences

Chapter 1: Notes

Chapter 2: Nouns (N) and Noun Phrases (NP)

2.1 Noun Features

2.2 Noun Phrases

2.3 Noun Phrase Functions

Key Points

2.4 Exercises: Noun Phrases

Chapter 2 Notes

Chapter 3: Prepositions (P) and Prepositional Phrases (PP)

3.1 Prepositions: Form and Function

3.2 Prepositional Phrases: Form and Function

3.3 Prepositions and Language Variation

Key Points

3.4 Exercises: Prepositional Phrases

Chapter 3 Notes

Chapter 4: Adjectives (Adj) and Adjective Phrases (AdjP); Determiners (D) and Determiner Phrases (DP)

4.1 Adjective Forms

4.1.1 Adjective Phrases: Forms and Functions

4.2 Determiners (D) and Determiner Phrases (DP)

4.2.1 Determiner Forms

4.2.2 Determiner Phrases: Forms and Functions

4.3 What makes determiners different from adjectives? And why are number determiners?

Key Points

4.4 Exercises

Chapter 4 Notes

Chapter 5: Pronouns (ProN) and Pronoun Phrases (ProNP)

5.1 Pronoun Forms

5.2 Pronoun Attributes: Case, Number, Person, Gender, Animateness

5.3 Pronoun Functions

5.4 Identifying Pronouns

Key Points

5.5 Exercises: Pronouns

Chapter 5 Notes

Chapter 6: Verbs (V)

6.1 Verb Forms

6.1.1 Tense

6.1.2 Modality, Aspect, and Voice

6.1.2.1 Modality

6.1.2.2 Aspect

6.1.2.3 Voice

6.1.3 Tense, Modality, Aspect, Voice: Putting Them All Together

6.1.4 Imperative Mood

6.1.5 Subjunctive Mood

6.1.6 Auxiliary dó

6.1.7Generic Past Semi-auxiliary used to

6.1.8 Non-Standard Absent be

6.1.9 How many bes are there?

6.2 Identifying Verbs

Key Points

6.3 Exercises: Verbs: Tense, Mood, Aspect, Voice

Chapter 6 Notes

Chapter 7: Verb Phrases (VP)

7.1 Verb Complements

7.1.1 Verbs with No Complements: Intransitive Verbs

7.1.2 Verbs with One Complement

7.1.2.1 Monotransitive Verbs

7.1.2.2 Intransitive Linking Verbs and Copular be with a Nominal or Adjectival Subject Complement

7.1.2.3 Intransitive Copular be with an Adverbial Subject Complement

7.1.2.4 Intransitive Verbs with an Adverbial Complement

7.1.2.5 Intransitive Quotative Verbs

7.1.3 Verbs with Two Complements

7.1.3.1 Ditransitive Verbs

7.1.3.2 Complex Transitive Verbs with a Direct Object and a Nominal or Adjectival Object Complement

7.1.3.3 Complex Transitive Verbs with a Direct Object and an Adverbial Object Complement

7.1.3.4 Complex Transitive Verbs with a Direct Object and a Participle Phrase

7.1.3.5 Complex Transitive Verbs with Direct Object and Infinitive Phrase

7.1.3.6 Transitive Quotative Verbs

7.1.4 Phrasal Verbs (PV)

7.1.4.1 Intransitive PVs

7.1.4.2 PVs with One Particle and One Complement

7.1.4.2.1 Transitive Separable PVs

7.1.4.2.2 Transitive Inseparable PVs

7.1.4.3 Transitive PV with a Second NP Verb Complement

7.1.4.4 Transitive PV with Two Inseparable Particles

7.1.4.5 Phrasal Verbs with Two Particles and Two Complements

7.1.4.5.1 Transitive PV with Two Separable Particles and a NP:VC

7.1.4.5.2 Transitive PV with Two Inseparable Particles and a NP:VC

7.2 Summary of Verb Complement and Phrasal Verb Patterns

Key Points

7.3 Exercises: Verb Complements and Phrasal Verbs

Chapter 7 Notes

Chapter 8: Adverbs (Adv) and Adverb Phrases (AdvP)

8.1 Adverb Phrases

8.2 Identifying Adverbs

8.3 Negation

Key Points

8.4 Exercises: Adverb Phrases

Chapter 8 Notes

Chapter 9: Conjunctions (Conj)

9.1 Coordinating Conjunctions

9.2 Conjoining Punctuation

9.2.1 Commas

9.2.2 An Aside about Semicolons

9.2.3 An Aside about Dashes, Hyphens, and Parentheses

9.2.4 A Further Aside on Hyphens

9.2.5 Hey: What about Colons?

9.2.6 One More Conjunctive Punctuation Mark You Don't Think About: Virgules

9.2.7 Summary of Conjoining Punctuation "Rules"

A Brief Discussion of Interjections

Key Points

9.3 Exercises: Conjunctions and Conjoining Punctuation

Chapter 9 Notes

Chapter 10: Clauses

10.1 Independent Clauses-a.k.a. Sentences

10.1.1 Interrogative Sentences

10.1.2 Imperative Mood Sentences

10.1.3 Expletive there

10.1.4 Expletive it

10.1.5 Passive Voice

10.1.6 Inversion

10.2 Dependent Clauses

10.2.1 Adjective Clauses (AdjCl; a.k.a. Relative Clauses)

10.2.1.1 Relative Pro-words

10.2.2 Noun Clauses (NCl)

10.2.3 Adverb Clauses (AdvCl; a.k.a. Subordinate Clauses)

10.2.3.1 Subordinating Conjunctions (SConj)

Key Points

10.3 Exercises: Clauses

Chapter 10 Notes

Chapter 11: Nominals, Adjectivals, and Adverbials

11.1 Nominals

11.2 Adjectivals

11.3 Adverbials

11.3.1 Scope

11.3.2 Subjunct Adverbials

11.3.3 Adjunct Adverbials

11.3.4 Disjunct Adverbials

11.3.5 Conjunctive Adverbials

11.3.6 Sentence Modifiers and Clause Modifiers

Key Points

11.4 Exercises: Nominals, Adjectivals, and Adverbials

Chapter 11 Notes

Chapter 12: Non-Finite Verb Phrases

12.1 Participles (Part) and Participle Phrases (PartP)

12.1.1 Nominal Participle Phrases

12.1.2 Adjectival Participle Phrases

12.1.3 Adverbial Participle Phrases

12.1.4 The Agent of the Participle

12.1.5 PartPs with Auxiliary and Semi-Auxiliary Verbs

12.1.6 PartPs Preceded by a Subordinator

12.2 Infinitives (Inf) and Infinitive Phrases (InfP)

12.2.1 Nominal Infinitive Phrases

12.2.2 Adjectival Infinitive Phrases

12.2.3 Adverbial Infinitive Phrases

12.2.4 The Agent of the Infinitive

12.2.5 InfPs with Auxiliary and Semi-Auxiliary Verbs

12.2.6 InfPs Preceded by a Subordinator

Key Points

12.3 Exercises: Participle and Infinitive Phrases

Chapter 12 Notes

Chapter 13: A Grand Review Exercise

Index