Allan Seabridge is a member of the BAE Systems Heritage Department at Warton and retired as Head of Flight Systems Engineering after a long career with BAE Systems. He has over 50 years' experience in aerospace systems engineering, business development, and research & development, working on major projects including Canberra, Jaguar, Tornado, EAP, Typhoon, and Nimrod. Since retiring he has developed an interest in engineering education leading to the design and delivery of systems and engineering courses at a number of UK universities at the undergraduate and postgraduate level.

Mohammad Radaei has a PhD from Cranfield University in aerospace engineering, specializing in avionics systems integration. He obtained a BSc in aeronautical engineering from Air University, and MSc in aerospace engineering from National University of Iran in Tehran. He also holds a commercial pilot's license. His research interests include aircraft systems design, avionics systems integration, systems architecting, aircraft and systems flight testing, applied mathematics, flight dynamics and control of manned and unmanned aircraft, as well as human machine interactions. He is currently lecturing in avionics systems at a number of universities.

About the Authors ix

Acknowledgements xi

Sources of Background Information xiii

Glossary xv

1 Introduction 1

Further Reading 4

2 The Airframe and Systems Overview 5

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 The Airframe 6

2.3 The Aircraft Systems 10

2.4 Classification of Aircraft Roles 14

2.5 Classification of Systems 25

2.6 Stakeholders 26

2.7 Example Architectures 27

2.8 Data Bus 29

2.9 Summary and Conclusions 34

References 34

Exercises 35

3 Vehicle Systems 37

3.1 Propulsion System 38

3.2 Fuel System 44

3.3 Electrical Power Generation and Distribution 49

3.4 Hydraulic Power Generation and Distribution 53

3.5 Bleed Air System 56

3.6 Secondary Power Systems 59

3.7 Emergency Power Systems 61

3.8 Flight Control System 65

3.9 Landing Gear 68

3.10 Brakes and Anti-skid 71

3.11 Steering System 73

3.12 Environmental Control System 76

3.13 Fire Protection System 79

3.14 Ice Detection 82

3.15 Ice Protection 84

3.16 External Lighting 86

3.17 Probe Heating 89

3.18 Vehicle Management System (VMS) 91

3.19 Crew Escape 93

3.20 Canopy Jettison 97

3.21 Oxygen 99

3.22 Biological and Chemical Protection 102

3.23 Arrestor Hook 104

3.24 Brake Parachute 107

3.25 Anti-spin Parachute 110

3.26 Galley 112

3.27 Passenger Evacuation 115

3.28 In-Flight Entertainment 117

3.29 Toilet and Water Waste 119

3.30 Cabin and Emergency Lighting 122

References 123

Exercise 126

4 Avionic Systems 127

4.1 Displays and Controls 127

4.2 Communications 131

4.3 Navigation 134

4.4 Example Navigation System Architecture 135

4.5 Flight Management System (FMS) 138

4.6 Weather Radar 140

4.7 Air Traffic Control (ATC) Transponder 143

4.8 Traffic Collision and Avoidance System (TCAS) 146

4.9 Terrain Avoidance and Warning System (TAWS) 149

4.10 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)/TACAN 152

4.11 VHF Omni-Ranging (VOR) 154

4.12 Automatic Flight Control System 156

4.13 Radar Altimeter (Rad Alt) 160

4.14 Automated Landing Aids 163

4.15 Air Data System (ADS) 168

4.16 Accident Data Recording System (ADRS) 172

4.17 Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) 174

4.18 Prognostics and Health Management System (PHM) 178

4.19 Internal Lighting 181

4.20 Integrated Modular Architecture (IMA) 183

4.21 Antennas 185

References 189

5 Mission Systems 191

5.1 Radar System 192

5.2 Electro-optical System 197

5.3 Electronic Support Measures (ESM) 200

5.4 Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD) 202

5.5 Acoustic System 205

5.6 Mission Computing System 207

5.7 Defensive Aids 209

5.8 Station Keeping System 212

5.9 Electronic Warfare System 214

5.10 Camera System 217

5.11 Head Up Display (HUD) 220

5.12 Helmet Mounted Systems 222

5.13 Data Link 224

5.14 Weapon System 227

5.15 Mission System Displays and Controls 230

5.16 Mission System Antennas 234

References 237

Further Reading 239

Exercises 239

6 Supporting Ground Systems 241

6.1 Flight Test Data Analysis 243

6.2 Maintenance Management System 246

6.3 Accident Data Recording 248

6.4 Mission Data Management (Mission Support System) 250

6.5 UAV Control 252

References 254

Exercises 255

7 Modelling of Systems Architectures 257

7.1 Introduction 257

7.2 Literature Survey of Methods 259

7.3 Avionics Integration Architecture Methodology 277

7.4 Avionics Integration Modelling of Optimisation 292

7.5 Simulations and Results for a Sample Architecture 297

7.6 Conclusion 300

References 300

8 Summary and Future Developments 305

8.1 Introduction 305

8.2 Systems of Systems 305

8.3 Architectures 314

8.4 Other Considerations 315

8.5 Conclusion 323

8.6 What's Next? 323

Exercise 327

Index 329