Rob Amos is a Lecturer in Law at Greenwich University, UK.

Foreword xii

Preface and Acknowledgements xiv

Table of International Treaties and Agreements xv

PART 1

Protecting Diversity 1

Introduction: Agroecology and the Law 3

Defining Agroecology 5

Locating Agroecology in the Law 8

The Structure of This Book 12

1 Conservation of Agrobiodiversity 14

International Conservation Law and Agriculture 14

The Convention on Biological Diversity 16

The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation 29

Conclusions 33

2 Monocultures and Genetic Diversity 34

The Rise of the Monoculture 34

Invasive/Alien Species and Disease 35

Intellectual Property Rights and Crop Genetic Diversity 39

Protecting Traditional Agricultural Knowledge 50

Conclusions 55

3 Genetically Modified Organisms and Organic Agriculture 56

GMOs in Socioecological Networks 56

Organic Agriculture and GMOs in the Context of Agroecology 57

Responding to the Risks of GMOs 61

Creating Space for GM Crops in Agroecological Networks 74

Conclusions 76

4 Landscapes 78

Defining 'Landscape' 78

A Right to Landscape? 80

International Programmes for Landscape Protection 83

Conclusions 90

PART 2

Supporting Socioecological Relationships 91

5 Ecosystem Services 93

Ecosystem Services and Agroecology 93

Ecosystem Services and International Conservation Law 95

Incorporating Ecosystem Services into International Law 99

Conclusions 110

6 Soil Conservation and Land Degradation 112

Soil and Sustainability 112

Soil Conservation in International Law 113

A Soil Treaty? 117

Land Degradation and Desertification 122

Conclusions 129

7 Water Conservation 131

Our Changing Perceptions of Water 131

Natural Water Infrastructure 132

Protecting Freshwater Ecosystems in International Law 135

Aquaculture 143

Conclusions 148

8 Climate Change 150

Agriculture and Climate Change 150

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 152

Climate Change Adaptation in Kiribati 154

Conclusions 163

PART 3

Agroecology in a Globalised World 165

9 Environmental Assessment 167

The Origins of Environmental Assessment 167

Defining Environmental Assessment 168

Environmental Assessment in International Law 177

(Re)Introducing Ecology to Environmental Assessment 184

Conclusions 188

10 Transboundary Pollution 189

Agriculture and Pollution 189

Transboundary Air Pollution 191

Persistent Organic Pollutants 199

Unified Approaches to Hazardous Substances and Pollutants 203

Conclusions 207

11 International Trade 209

Neoliberalism and Agroecology 209

Agroecology, Trade and the Environment in the WTO 211

The WTO's Rules on Agricultural Trade 215

Regulating the Drivers of Zoonotic Disease 221

Conclusions 230

PART 4

Agroecology in Society 231

12 Tracing a Path from Food Security to Food Justice 233

Food (In)Security and International Law 233

Food Security 235

The Right to Food 239

Food Sovereignty 242

Food Justice 246

Conclusions 251

Conclusion: Finding Space for Agroecology 253

Index 263